Abstract
Economic growths lead to population increases in large cities. This has brought about the growing necessity for apartment housing which has resulted in higher density populations living in high-rise apartment complexes. Therefore, the urban microclimate is aggravated due to the increasing ratio of artificial coverage and substandard daylight availability. To achieve a comfortable living environment and improve urban microclimates, a process considering the daylight availability and the outdoor thermal environment is required when designing apartment housing complexes. This study selected a total of 27 valid cases using an orthogonal array, L27(313) design of experiments (DOE). As a result of significance probability obtained in DOE analysis, the design factors that have an effect on the outdoor thermal environment and daylight availability were found to be building coverage ratio, distance between buildings, and azimuth. The rankings of the effect of design factors were shown to be in the order of azimuth > building coverage ratio > distance between buildings > floor area ratio > width/depth ratio. The surface temperature of the whole building decreased by 0.3 °C and Mean Radiant Temperature (MRT) decreased by 1.1 °C as a result of applying the greenery coverage ratio to apartment complexes. Heat Island Potential (HIP) also showed a decrease of 5.4 °C (at noon).
Highlights
The results of this study showed that the density and green space affects the Urban Heat Island (UHI)-night patterns differently, and that the UHI-day is closely linked to shading factors
According to the results of a predictive analysis, for a total of five cases, 1st ranking (Case 4), 9th ranking (Case 7), 14th ranking (Case 17), 17th ranking (Case 12) and 27th ranking (Case 15), greenery coverage ratios of 30% and 60% were applied based on the building
Case 4 showed the biggest decrease; applying 30% of the greenery coverage ratio showed a 0.2 °C temperature decrease, and when applying 60% of the greenery coverage ratio showed a 0.3 °C temperature decrease
Summary
Artificial ground coverage has increased with the expansion and densification of urban spaces by economic development, whereas the greenery coverage ratio has decreased. Because of this trend, climate change consequences occur in cities, such as heat island effects or heat waves during summer, aggravating the urban microclimate. The ever increasing number of high-rises and densification are likely to lead to an ignorance of the elements that must be considered in solar access design Such issues result in further problems such as a violation of the right to sunlight or privacy invasion, which may decrease the quality of the dwelling environment [2]. A quantitative review and the establishment of a wide range of relevant basic data is required
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