Changes in operation of postural networks in rabbits with postural functions recovered after lateral hemisection of the spinal cord.

Abstract

Acute lateral hemisection of the spinal cord (LHS) severely impairs postural functions, which recover over time. Here, to reveal changes in the operation of postural networks underlying the recovery, male rabbits with recovered postural functions after LHS at T12 (R-rabbits) were used. After decerebration, we characterized the responses of individual spinal interneurons from L5 along with hindlimb EMG responses to stimulation causing postural limb reflexes (PLRs) that substantially contribute to postural corrections in intact animals. The data were compared with those obtained in our previous studies of rabbits with the intact spinal cord and rabbits after acute LHS. Although, in R-rabbits, the EMG responses to postural disturbances both ipsilateral and contralateral to the LHS (ipsi-LHS and co-LHS) were only slightly distorted, PLRs on the co-LHS side (unaffected by acute LHS) were distorted substantially and PLRs on the ipsi-LHS side (abolished by acute LHS) were close to control. Thus, in R-rabbits, plastic changes develop in postural networks both affected and unaffected by acute LHS. PLRs on the ipsi-LHS side recover mainly as a result of changes at brainstem-cerebellum-spinal levels, whereas the forebrain is substantially involved in the generation of PLRs on the co-LHS side. We found that, in areas of grey matter in which the activity of spinal neurons of the postural network was significantly decreased after acute LHS, it recovered to the control level, whereas, in areas unaffected by acute LHS, it was significantly changed. These changes underlie the recovery and distortion of PLRs on the ipsi-LHS and co-LHS sides, respectively. KEY POINTS: After lateral hemisection of the spinal cord (LHS), postural functions recover over time. The underlying changes in the operation of postural networks are unknown. We compared the responses of individual spinal neurons and hindlimb muscles to stimulation causing postural limb reflexes (PLRs) in recovered LHS-rabbits with those obtained in rabbits with the intact spinal cord and rabbits after acute LHS. We demonstrated that changes underlying the recovery of postural functions take place not only in postural networks that are severely impaired, but also in those that are almost unaffected by acute LHS. PLRs on the LHS side recover mainly as a result of changes at brainstem-cerebellum-spinal levels, whereas the forebrain is substantially involved in the generation of PLRs contralateral to the LHS.