CHANGES IN INDICATORS OF EMBRYOTOXICITY OF CADMIUM CHLORIDE IN COMBINED ADMINISTRATION WITH ZINC AND COPPER SUCCINATE IN A CHRONIC EXPERIMENT ON RATS

Abstract

The search for bioantagonists of cadmium toxicity, its negative impact on the body and the developing embryo remains a relevant and, at the same time, is understudied issue in modern science. In recent years, the effectiveness of the use of succinic acid salts for the prevention and treatment of diseases of various human organs and systems has been established.
 Objective: To determine changes in the level of embryotoxic effect of cadmium chloride in a dose of 2 mg/kg with isolated and combined with copper or zinc succinate intragastric administration in a chronic experiment on pregnant female rats.
 Objects and methods. This embryological study included female rats with a defined gestation period, which were categorized into four distinct experimental groups: the first group served as the control, the second group received an isolated administration of cadmium chloride solution, the third group underwent combined administration of cadmium chloride solution and zinc succinate solution, and the fourth group experienced combined administration of a solution containing cadmium chloride and copper succinate. The collection of embryonic material occurred on the 13th and 20th days of embryogenesis. Statistical analysis of the collected data was performed using the STATISTICA program. Statistically significant differences were determined at a p-value of less than 0.05 (a significance level of 5%). The description, assessment, and comparison of the mean indicators among the groups were conducted employing variance analysis and the Kruskal-Wallis test.
 Results and discussions. All female rats in the experiment survived. The obtained results demonstrate a significant increase in all indicators of embryonic mortality in the group exposed to cadmium chloride in comparison with the control group on both the 13th and 20th days of the experiment. At the same time, comparing the groups exposed to cadmium in combination with zinc and copper succinates with the group of isolated exposure, can visualize statistically significant differences in the main indicators of embryonic development.
 Conclusion. Isolated chronic administration of cadmium chloride to pregnant female rats in doses of 2.0 mg/kg leads to a decrease in the average number of embryos and an increase in embryonic mortality in the group, whereas the combined administration of cadmium chloride in the same dose with zinc and copper succinates, all indicators of embryotoxicity are reduced, which enables to consider copper succinate and especially zinc succinates as bioantagonists of cadmium.