Changes in body composition and physical performance of professional mixed martial arts athletes between the preparatory and pre-competitive periods

Abstract

Introduction: Vertical jump performance is an important measure of leg power and explosiveness in sports. Somatotype, referring to body shape and composition. It may relate to vertical jump capacity. This study aimed to compare vertical jump, peak anaerobic power, and relative anaerobic capabilities between ectomorphic-mesomorph and mesomorphic-ectomorph somatotypes among sedentary male students. Methods: A total number of 26 students participated in this study. Participants underwent anthropometric assessments to determine Heath-Carter somatotype ratings. Additionally, countermovement jumps were performed to evaluate vertical jump height, estimate peak anaerobic power via the Sayers equation, and calculate a power-to-body mass ratio. Results: No statistically significant differences were found between ectomorphic-mesomorphs (n=15) and mesomorphic-ectomorphs (n=11) for vertical jump (54.47 ± 8.33 cm vs 57.09 ± 6.28 cm, p = 0.25), peak anaerobic power (3576 ± 542.01 W vs 3473.47 ± 538.71 W, p = 0.64), or power-to-body mass ratio (69.97 ± 10.51 W/kg vs 65.10 ± 7.46 W/kg, p = 0.18). Conclusion: While this initial study suggested no substantial performance differences based on somatotype, further research with increased statistical power through larger sample sizes is necessary to conclusively determine relationships between physique and anaerobic capacities in the general population. Matching and tracking athletes over sports training may also clarify advantages conferred by morphology alone.