Abstract
BackgroundPlant viruses can affect vector’s behaviors in order to enhance viral transmission. Cucurbit chlorotic yellows virus (CCYV) (genus Crinivirus) is an emergent RNA plant virus and is transmitted specifically by biotypes B and Q of tobacco whitefly, Bemisia tabaci (Gennadius), in a semipersistent manner.MethodsWe used the electrical penetration graph (EPG) to investigate the effect of CCYV on the feeding behaviors of B. tabaci biotypes B and Q.ResultsCCYV could affect, both directly and indirectly, the feeding behaviors of B. tabaci to various degrees, depending on biotypes and sexes of the insect. CCYV showed stronger direct effects on biotype Q than on biotype B in terms of increased non-phloem probing and phloem salivation. CCYV increased non-phloem probing and phloem salivation more on females than on males of biotype Q, and increased phloem salivation more on females than on males of biotype B. CCYV had stronger indirect effects, via virus-infested plants, on biotype B than on biotype Q by enhancing phloem sap ingestion and feeding bouts. CCYV increased non-phloem probing and feeding bouts more on males than on females of biotype B, and decreased phloem sap ingestion more on males than on females on biotype Q indirectly.ConclusionsThe results clearly indicated that CCYV affects the feeding behaviors of B. tabaci, which may lead to increased ability of the B. tabaci for CCYV transmission.
Highlights
Plant viruses can affect vector’s behaviors in order to enhance viral transmission
We conducted electrical penetration graph (EPG) analyses on non-viruliferous B. tabaci feeding on non-viruliferous cucumber plants, viruliferous B. tabaci feeding on non-viruliferous cucumber plants, and viruliferous B. tabaci feeding on viruliferous cucumber plants
Overall direct effects of chlorotic yellows virus (CCYV) on feeding behaviors of biotypes B and Q The direct effects of CCYV on feeding behaviors of B. tabaci biotypes B and Q were obtained by comparing data obtained with viruliferous B. tabaci with data under control conditions
Summary
Plant viruses can affect vector’s behaviors in order to enhance viral transmission. Cucurbit chlorotic yellows virus (CCYV) (genus Crinivirus) is an emergent RNA plant virus and is transmitted by biotypes B and Q of tobacco whitefly, Bemisia tabaci (Gennadius), in a semipersistent manner. The feeding behaviors of vector insects plays a critical role in transmitting plant viruses from one host to another over distantly-located regions [1,2,3,4]. Tobacco whitefly Bemisia tabaci with tomato yellow leaf curl virus (TYLCV) spend more time in phloem salivating and ingesting sap, resulting in enhanced viral acquisition and transmission [6, 7]. Tomato yellow leaf curl China virus (TYLCCNV) affects B. tabaci behaviors relevant to effective and rapid sap ingestion on virus-infected tobacco plant [8]. Plant viruses can affect behaviors of vector insects indirectly, for example, by altering host plant characteristics such as color, nutrition and volatiles [2, 9,10,11].
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