Abstract
The Taal volcano erupted on 12 January 2020, the first time since 1977. About 35 mild earthquakes (magnitude greater than 4.0) were observed on 12 January 2020 induced from the eruption. In the present paper, we analyzed optical properties of volcanic aerosols, volcanic gas emission, ocean parameters using multi-satellite sensors, namely, MODIS (Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer), AIRS (Atmospheric Infrared Sounder), OMI (Ozone Monitoring Instrument), TROPOMI (TROPOspheric Monitoring Instrument) and ground observations, namely, Argo, and AERONET (AErosol RObotic NETwork) data. Our detailed analysis shows pronounced changes in all the parameters, which mainly occurred in the western and south-western regions because the airmass of the Taal volcano spreads westward according to the analysis of airmass trajectories and wind directions. The presence of finer particles has been observed by analyzing aerosol properties that can be attributed to the volcanic plume after the eruption. We have also observed an enhancement in SO2, CO, and water vapor, and a decrease in Ozone after a few days of the eruption. The unusual variations in salinity, sea temperature, and surface latent heat flux have been observed as a result of the ash from the Taal volcano in the south-west and south-east over the ocean. Our results demonstrate that the observations combining satellite with ground data could provide important information about the changes in the atmosphere, meteorology, and ocean parameters associated with the Taal volcanic eruption.
Highlights
Active volcanoes exist throughout the world and are distributed in different continents
We have analyzed the optical properties of volcanic aerosols, volcanic gas emission, and ocean parameters around the time of the eruption of the Taal volcano on 12 January 2020 using a combination of satellite and ground observations
Changes in aerosol optical depth (AOD) in the western and south-western regions after the Taal volcano eruption have been observed using Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) AOD data and are likely to be associated with the transport of airmass as reflected by the forward trajectory analysis and wind directions
Summary
Active volcanoes exist throughout the world and are distributed in different continents. Satellite observations provide various information related to volcanic activities, including surface deformation, SO2 emission, heat flux, volcanic ash retrieval, crater lake temperature, and water chemistry [19,20,21], it has a relatively lower spatial resolution. Duggen et al [30] found that the deposition of volcanic ash on the ocean surface could fertilize ocean water and enhance diatom growth They observed different ocean color and enhanced chlorophyll concentration using Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) data. Considering the advantages and disadvantages of ground-based and satellite-based observations, two kinds of data have been integrated to obtain thermal behavior [44], lava flows [45], SO2 emission [20,46,47], and volcanic plume evolution [48,49]. Satellite, Argo floats, and AERONET (AErosol RObotic NETwork) data have been carried out to study the impacts of
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