Change of the productive soil moisture amount under different agrophytocenoses in accordance with the used tillage system in short-term crop rotation

Abstract

The influence of four basic tillage systems and four fertilizer systems on changes in productive soil moisture and water consumption by agrophytocenoses was studied within years 2017–2020 in the fve-feld crop rotation on typical black soil (chernozems) of the Bila Tserkva NAU experimental feld. It is established that the productive moisture reserves in a meter layer of soil in the phase of soybean germination are almost the same for moldboard, differentiated, disk and shallow types of tillage, but quite lower for chisel one; in the phases of the budding beginning and maturity of grain this indicator is the lowest for moldboard tillage, and the highest for moldboardless tillage. In the phase of winter wheat germination, as well as earing and full ripeness of grain, this rate is almost at the same level for moldboard, differentiated and shallow tillage, and for chisel one – 9–12 % higher compared to the reference level; in the phase of spring vegetation restoration no noticeable difference between tillage options was recorded. In the phase of sunflower seedlings there was the largest amount of the productive moisture in a meter layer of soil in the conditions of moldboardless plowing; the rest of tillage have shown almost the same amount of productive moisture; in the phase of the flowering beginning and full maturity of seeds, they are 3–5 % higher for moldboardless plowing, and 2–3 and 4–6 % lower for differentiated and disk tillage respectively than the reference one. In the phases of tube yielding, earing and full ripeness of spring barley grain, it is 11, 5 and 4 % higher compared to the reference rate for moldboardless plowing, differentiated and disk tillage respectively. For moldboard, chisel, differentiated tillage and shallow tillage, the water consumption coefcient of soybeans was 109, 120, 113 and 131 mm/t respectively. With moldboardless, differentiated and disc tillage, it is 11,5 and 4 % higher in winter wheat, respectively, than the reference level. Crop rotation productivity for moldboard and differentiated tillage at the same level, and for moldboardless and disk – signifcantly lower. Key words: crop rotation, crop, tillage, fertilizers, productive moisture, water consumption coefcient, total water consumption, productivity.