Change of available soil moisture reserves in agrocenoses of winter wheat in short rotation crop rotations

Abstract

The article presents the results of changes in available soil moisture in winter wheat crops in four short-rotation crop rotations. The research was carried out during 2012-2021 at the experimental field of the Belotserki National Agrarian University of the Kyiv region. The soil of the experimental field is a typical chernozem with a low humus content of average loamy humus in the 0–30 cm soil layer of 3,7–3,9 %. Four short-rotation crop rotations were studied (sunflower saturation 10 %); cereal grain (sunflower saturation 20 %); specialized seedbed (sunflower saturation 30 %); rowing (sunflower saturation 40 %). It was established that the reserves of available moisture for the period of winter wheat sowing were the highest in the grain-row specialized crop rotation, where wheat was sown after buckwheat with 257,2 mm in the 0–150 cm layer, 78,5 mm in the 0–50 cm layer. In the crop rotation in the 0–150 cm layer, they were 204,3 mm, in the 0–50 cm and 50–100 cm layers 59,4 and 52.4 mm, which is 19,1 and 15.0 less than in the grain-row crop rotation mm. During the crop rotation, the reserves of available moisture for the harvesting period were 1372 m3/ha, grain-rowing – 1154 m3/ha, specialized grain-rowing and row-rowing – 1327 and 928 m3/ha, which affected the total moisture consumption. The highest consumption of available moisture was observed during row crop rotation - 4029 m3/ha, while during crop rotation the available moisture reserves were 4032 m3/ha. The coefficient of moisture consumption was the highest in specialized and row-row crops – 97,8 and 90,7 m3/t, respectively, while for crop rotation – 70,7, grain-row crops – 85,2 m3, which was less than row crops by 5,5 and 20 m3/t.