Change and Inequality in German Teenagers’ Typical Time-Use Sequences Between 1991 and 2013. Online Appendix

Abstract

How children spend their time is widely regarded as a key factor shaping their development and wellbeing, as well as the intergenerational transmission of socio-economic and gender inequalities. While there is much evidence on the aggregate amount of time teenagers spent on different activities, we know little about how teenagers’ activities unfold during a typical day. We use social sequence analysis and data collected in 1991/92, 2001/02 and 2012/13 via high-frequency time-use diaries of teenagers aged 12-16 in Germany to provide a fine-grained description of teenagers’ everyday time-use sequences. We identify and visualize a typology of teenagers’ time-use during weekdays and weekend days, respectively, which groups teenagers into clusters of typical time-use sequences. These typical time-use sequences change in prevalence over time, and are stratified by teenagers’ socio-economic background, gender, and age. Our findings reveal the sequential structure of teenagers’ time use, provide new evidence corroborating theories of the social stratification of teenagers’ time use, and complement existing evidence on teenagers’ aggregate time-use. Our identification of teenagers’ typical time-use sequences forms the basis for future research to examine their causes and consequences, as well as their role in the reproduction of social inequalities.