Challenges of Shallow Tunnelling in Soft Soils—A Review

Abstract

A short but descriptive paper has been presented to understand various researches that have been made recently on shallow tunnelling in soft soils and the challenges faced during the construction. In a smart city, smart means of communication is vital, which should be safe and green mode of transportation. Due to the scarcity of space on the land surface of the urban and developed areas, there has been an increase of demand in the extensive use of underground structures. These constructions are often situated at shallow depths. Hence, there arises the demand for smart tunnels which requires a better understanding of various factors which influence the response of a shallow tunnel in soft soils is highly required. This understanding is enhanced with the help of the previous research papers on this specific issue which are a reliable and trustworthy source of information. Therefore, the sole purpose of this paper is to analyse various research works that have been accomplished in the field of shallow tunnelling in case of soft soils.