Challenges in marine plastic pollution regulation in Indonesia

Abstract

Indonesia has ratified a number of international instruments related to marine plastic pollution (MPP); however, these international instruments are dependent on national and local regulations for effect. This study highlights challenges in MPP Regulations in Indonesia, grouped as regulation complexities, and technical challenges. Regulation complexities in MPP in Indonesia include the fact that laws do not specifically regulate MPP, and lack details on plastic pollution and MPP; that local governments do not have direct authority to managing their marine environments, and do not prioritize MPP in their activities; and that the current laws and regulations focus more on land-based waste management. This study shows that the current national laws in relation to MPP issues are fragmented and do not directly regulate MPP, except for the Presidential Decree no 82 of 2018 on Marine Waste Management, and there are only a few MPP-related laws at the local levels, for example in Jakarta and Surabaya. Both Jakarta and Surabaya have high levels of MPP, yet neither has adequate laws to prevent and manage it. Technical challenges include a lack of data on the life cycle of plastics (from manufacturing to waste management, including collection, recycling and disposal); gaps in monitoring and knowledge on MPP; lack of access to financial resources and technology; ineffective management of plastic waste; and lack of engagement with relevant industries and other stakeholders in general. Efforts from the government and related stakeholders are needed to prioritize regulating MPP in Indonesia.