Challenges for the Adaptive Gain Integrating Pixel Detector (AGIPD) Design due to the High Intensity Photon Radiation Environment at the European XFEL

Abstract

The European X-ray Free Electron Laser (XFEL) is a new research facility currently under construction in Hamburg, Germany. With a pulse length of less than 100 fs and an extremely high luminosity of 27000 flashes per second the European XFEL will have a unique time structure that demands the development of new detectors tailored to the requirements imposed by the experiments while complying with the machine specific operation parameters. The Adaptive Gain Integrating Pixel Detector (AGIPD) is one response to the need for large 2D detectors, able to cope with the 4.5 MHz frame rate, as well as with the high dynamic range needed by XFEL experiments ranging from single photons to more than 104 12 keV photons per pixel per pulse. In addition it has to withstand doses of up to 1 GGy over three years.