Abstract
The review provides articles discussing big challenges behind successful design of impedimetric biosensors and the way such challenges were/could be addressed for highly sensitive affinity detection of proteins. In particular, the effect of gold etching by chloride ions or by CN − ions (released from the redox probe [Fe(CN) 6 ] 3-/4- ), the effect of ionic strength of the assay buffer; the effect of initial interfacial properties (capacitance) and the effect of the high analyte:bioreceptor ratio on electrochemical impedance spectroscopy–based biosensing are discussed. The review provides also short discussion related to other factors, which can significantly affect operational performance of electrochemical impedance spectroscopy–based biosensing including novel conductive interfaces, small bioreceptors, strategies for improved selectivity (nonbiofouling interfaces) and sensitivity (use of nanoparticles). • The review paper provides a short introduction to electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS). • Three EIS modes of operation are discussed in the review paper. • Novel trends in EIS sensing are provided, as well.
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