Challenges and research gap in project-based learning – A review

Abstract

The 21st-century learning requirements are different from the 20th-century learning requirements. Critical thinking skills are requirements for learning, and to achieve critical thinking skills, various new learning techniques and strategies have been developed and applied. By applying new learning techniques and strategies, various challenges have been faced by researchers and instructors. The objectives of this study were to highlight the project-based learning (PjBL) used at different educational levels; to discuss the challenges and their solutions; and to present the research gap in the PjBL strategy. This was achieved using the literature review methods, with resources from previous studies. This study will help the researchers and instructors to carry out more research on the challenges and solutions of PjBL. Keywords: Critical thinking skills, instructors, learners, learning strategies, problems;