Challenges and Opportunities for End-of-Life Coal Mine Sites: Black-to-Green Energy Approach

Aleksander Frejowski,Jan Bondaruk,Adam Duda

doi:10.3390/en14051385

Abstract

This paper presents the possibilities of adapting active mines to generate green energy after their closure using their resources and/or infrastructure. For this purpose, firstly, the temporal horizon of selected mines in Poland was determined, its basic assumption being the analysis of the current state. In the research, 18 mining plants operating within 12 mines in the Upper Silesian Coal Basin (USCB) were analyzed. The analyzed mines belong to three of the five largest hard coal producers in Poland, and the main object of exploitation is hard coal of energy types. Severe restrictions or even abandonment of further investments in the development of the coal mining industry were taken into consideration (regarding the construction of new shafts or the development of new exploitation levels). When determining the temporal horizon, the challenges that hamper the exploitation based at the levels of natural hazards and depth of exploitation in each mine were considered. Secondly, the criteria for the adaptation of active mines to generate energy are presented. The possibility of using the resources and infrastructural potential of active mines to produce geothermal energy from water, extracting coalbed methane (CBM), and processes of underground coal gasification (UCG) are analyzed. Finally, for a selected example—generating energy from underground coal gasification in Polish mine conditions—a structural analysis of the criteria was performed using the MICMAC method, as the Central Mining Institute has an extensive experience in the development of underground coal gasification trials in coal mines. Based on expert analysis and using structural analysis, the criteria important for UCG were selected. As demonstrated in the article, the MICMAC method can be applied in other scenarios with different criteria to implement new technologies in coal mines.

Highlights

In the 1950s and 1960s, the coal mining industry was an important sector of WesternEuropean countries’ economies
The first specifies the temporal horizon of hard coal mines, while the second specifies the criteria for the alternative, for classic exploitation, use of resources and/or infrastructure of active mines for the production of “clean” energy
18 mining plants operating within 12 mines in the Upper Silesian Coal Basin (USCB) area were analyzed

Summary

Introduction

In the 1950s and 1960s, the coal mining industry was an important sector of Western. Among others, in Germany [1], the United Kingdom [2], France [3], Spain [4], Belgium [3], and the Netherlands [5]. Coal extraction in EEC countries has been systematically decreasing, and some countries have completely eliminated coal mining—the Netherlands (the 1970s), Belgium (1990s), France (2004), and Spain (2018). The leading coal producer among the EU countries is Poland, with small amounts still mined in the Czech Republic, Germany, the UK, and Romania [6]. In December 2019, the new growth strategy assumptions were presented in a document titled the European Green Deal for the European Union [7].

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Conclusion