Abstract
Tooth regeneration is an important issue. The purpose of this study was to explore the feasibility of using adult dental pulp stem cells on polylactic acid scaffolds for tooth regeneration. Three teeth were extracted from each side of the lower jaws of two adult dogs. In the experimental group, dental pulp stem cells were isolated and seeded in the 3D-printed hydroxyapatite/polylactic acid (HA/PLA) scaffolds for transplantation into left lower jaw of each dog. The right-side jaw of each dog was transplanted with cell-free scaffolds as the control group. Polychrome sequentially labeling was performed for observation of mineralization. Dental cone beam computed tomography (CBCT) irradiation was used for assessment. Nine months after surgery, dogs were euthanized, and the lower jaws of dogs were sectioned and fixed for histological observation with hematoxylin and eosin staining. The results showed that the degree of mineralization in the experimental group with cells seeded in the scaffolds was significantly higher than that of the control group transplanted with cell-free scaffolds. However, the HA/PLA scaffolds were not completely absorbed in both groups. It is concluded that dental pulp stem cells are important for the mineralization of tooth regeneration. A more rapid absorbable material was required for scaffold design for tooth regeneration.
Highlights
Tooth plays an important role in overall health and activity
Tooth regeneration with dental pulp stem cells and using more rapid degradable biomaterials for 3D printing scaffolds with cytokines/growth factors sustained-release effects should be considered for further studies
We challenged the use of dental pulp stem cells loaded in a 3D-printed hydroxyapatite/polylactic acid (HA/Polylactic acid (PLA)) scaffold for tooth regeneration research
Summary
Tooth plays an important role in overall health and activity. Tooth loss or damage is quite frequent. With the increasing knowledge of stem cell biology, tooth regeneration is one of the ultimate goals of restoring the loss of natural teeth. Compared with the traditional oral restoration treatment, tooth regeneration has unique advantages and is currently the focus of oral biomedical research. Studies have indicated that cellbased strategies show promising potential for regenerating the whole tooth structure in rodents [1]. We had obtained tooth germ cells from mini pigs and implanted them in the alveolar bone of the original mini pigs after culture and have successfully grown teeth the same size as those of the mini pigs. The use of scaffolds can regenerate structures that have dentin, cementum, and periodontal ligament as tooth roots [2]. The biggest challenge was to find a simple and rapid method to control tooth development
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