Abstract
The reduction of energy consumption for cooling should be addressed on a city level since the urban environment where the building operates increases its cooling needs and deteriorates the heat pumps operation. In the present work, a Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) model is used to study the improvement of microclimate conditions in an urban agglomeration of the city of Volos, through bioclimatic interventions. The Boussinesq approximation is used in order to take into account the thermal buoyancy while the Discrete Ordinate (DO) model is used for the radiation transport. The ground temperature is calculated by solving an energy balance model while the ground is also considered an infrared diffusive radiation emitter. The planted surfaces are considered finite thickness heat sinks and the roofs and building walls are also took as finite thickness isothermal walls and heat sources (the heat pumps and electrical device operation, lighting and, residences presence). Trees are regarded as porous volumes. The surfaces of water elements are considered isothermal heat sink walls. The local microclimate before and after the bioclimatic interventions is presented by comparing the temperature and wind speed distributions as well as the thermal comfort indices for a typical summer day.
Highlights
In the past, energy in buildings was consumed mainly for heating but today is consumed to a high degree for cooling
The study of the microclimate developed in the urban core is a multivariate problem since the formation of the final pressure, air speed, temperature and humidity field depend upon factor such as: a) local climatic conditions, b) geometry and orientation of buildings, streets and openings, c) used materials in buildings, streets and public spaces, d) existence of greenery and water elements, e) the produced heat in buildings due to residents presence, device operation, lights and heat pumps etc
The prediction of the microclimate in an urban segment is a multivariate problem that requires the modeling of various factors
Summary
Energy in buildings was consumed mainly for heating but today is consumed to a high degree for cooling This increase is due to: a) the development and widespread use of the cooling technology, b) the deterioration of the urban environment. The reduction in energy consumption for heating can be dealt with on a building level, but the case of energy reduction for cooling should be dealt with on a city or neighborhood level. This is because the urban environment, where a building operates, burdens considerably its cooling needs and the operation of the used heat pumps. The study of the microclimate developed in the urban core is a multivariate problem since the formation of the final pressure, air speed, temperature and humidity field depend upon factor such as: a) local climatic conditions, b) geometry and orientation of buildings, streets and openings, c) used materials in buildings, streets and public spaces, d) existence of greenery and water elements, e) the produced heat in buildings due to residents presence, device operation, lights and heat pumps etc
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