Abstract
The Subsea Shuttle Tanker (SST) was proposed by Equinor as an alternative to subsea pipelines and surface tankers for the transportation of liquid carbon dioxide (CO2) from existing offshore/land facilities to marginal subsea fields. In contrast to highly weather-dependent surface tanker operations, the SST can operate in any condition underwater. Low resistance is paramount to achieving maximum range. In this paper, the resistance of the SST at an operating forward speed of 6 knots (3.09 m/s) and subject to an incoming current velocity of 1 m/s is computed using Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD). The Delayed Detached Eddy Simulation (DDES) method is used. This method combines features of Reynolds-Averaged Navier–Stokes Simulation (RANS) in the attached boundary layer parts at the near-wall regions, and Large Eddy Simulation (LES) at the unsteady, separated regions near to the propeller. The force required to overcome forward resistance is calculated to be 222 kN and agrees well with experimental measurements available in the open literature. The corresponding power consumption is calculated to be 927 kW, highlighting the high efficiency of the SST. The method presented in this paper is general and can be used for resistance optimization studies of any underwater vessel.
Highlights
Academic Editors: Fuping Gao and with regard to jurisdictional claims inThe Subsea Shuttle System (SST) as illustrated in Figure 1 is a novel subsea transportation system or ‘cargo train’ proposed by Equinor ASA [1,2]
Jones et al [17] except for small discrepancies at the tail, i.e., x = 1.3 m. These discrepancies between the predicted Cp obtained in the present Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) simulation and the experimental measurements by Jones et al [17] tend to increase in the locations where the pressure gradient switches from favorable to adverse, and vice versa
Discussion increase skin at the searchlight housing is less than 1% of the surface area of the
Summary
The Subsea Shuttle System (SST) as illustrated in Figure 1 is a novel subsea transportation system or ‘cargo train’ proposed by Equinor ASA [1,2]. The SST will travel at slow speeds to limit operation is not dependent because it travels subsea, i.e.,consumption It is not exposed wind its exposure to weather large drag forces and thereby reducing battery. More of the subsea pipelines, umbilicals, storage tanks, offshore loading systems, tankers, Further, the SST reduces field development costs significantly by eliminating one or and marine operations costs. Such as the subsea freight-glider [13]
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