CFD applications for sensible heat storage: A comprehensive review of numerical studies

Abstract

Sensible heat thermal storage systems store energy in a medium to which heat is added or removed, providing a simple, cost-effective, and easy-to-control for energy storage. The storage capacity of these systems ranges from 10 to 50 kWh/t with an efficiency of between 50 and 90 %, depending on the material. Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) is a powerful tool that can be used to simulate the flow and transfer of heat within thermal storage systems, enabling the evaluation of factors such as temperature distribution, heat transfer rate, and fluid flow patterns. This enables the optimization of the thermal storage system design and the identification of the most effective material for a given application. This paper provides a comprehensive overview of the use of CFD tools in thermal sensible storage. It highlights the advantages of this approach, such as improved system performance and energy savings, and the various methods used to enhance its performance. Moreover, the latest developments in the integration of thermal energy systems are presented, which includes the design of hybrid systems that incorporate renewable energy sources. Furthermore, this paper suggests areas for future research that could improve the performance and efficiency of sensible heat thermal storage systems. For instance, future research could focus on the development of materials with higher thermal storage capacity, the optimization of the system design, and the enhancement of heat transfer rates. Lastly, the paper provides guidance for future applications of the technology, highlighting key features that should be considered in current projects, such as the selection of materials, system design, and the use of CFD tools for optimization.