Recent advances in zinc sulfide-based anode regulation strategy for Na-ion batteries

Abstract

As a high-capacity electrode material in Na-ion batteries (NIBs), research on zinc sulfide (ZnS) anodes has attracted extensive attention. However, ZnS faces challenges due to its poor electronic conductivity and substantial volume expansion during Na-ion storage, which impede its kinetic performance and cycling stability. This review aims to address these challenges by exploring strategies that potentially enhance the electronic conductivity and alleviate the volume expansion of ZnS, including carbon introduction, structure adjustment, heterojunction controlling, and multi-parameter regulation. We delve into a range of innovative design approaches, such as the implementation of multilayer structures for improved stability, the integration of conductive materials to boost electron transport, element doping techniques to modify electronic properties, and the regulation of heterostructures for enhanced ion diffusion. These strategies are analyzed to showcase their effectiveness in resolving the specific issues associated with ZnS, thereby improving its overall Na-ion storage performance. The review not only provides insights into the kinetic performance and stability of ZnS but also serves as a valuable reference for the design and optimization of other anode materials in NIBs.