Abstract
In this study, forced convection flow and heat transfer characteristics of TiO2/water nanofluid flow with different nanoparticle volume fractions (1.0%, 2.0%, 3.0% and 4.0%) in semi – circular cross – sectioned micro – channel was numerically investigated. The three - dimensional study was conducted under steady state laminar flow condition where Reynolds number changing from 100 to 1000. CFD model has been generated by using ANSYS FLUENT 15.0 software based on finite volume method. The flow was under hydrodynamically and thermally developing flow condition. Uniform surface heat flux boundary condition was applied at the bottom surface of the micro – channel. The average and local Nusselt number and Darcy friction factor values were obtained using numerical results. Also, the effects of using nanofluid on local values of Nusselt number and Darcy friction factor were investigated. Numerical results indicate that the increasing of nanoparticle volume fraction of nanofluid, the average Nusselt number increases; however, there is no significant variation in average Darcy friction factor.
Highlights
Micro and mini – channel applications play very important role for developing cooling capacity in microelectronic equipment such as micro – reactors, refrigeration systems and micro fuel cells
The results of pure water flow in micro - channel were compared with Hausen equation which was obtained by means of experimental studies [26], used for calculating average Nusselt number under laminar flow condition in pipes, given with Eq (15)
After the all computations for this case, the applicable correlations of average Nusselt number and average Darcy friction factor changing with Reynolds number and nanoparticle volume fraction were obtained from the numerical results of TiO2/water nanofluid flow in a semi – circular cross – sectioned micro-channel
Summary
Micro and mini – channel applications play very important role for developing cooling capacity in microelectronic equipment such as micro – reactors, refrigeration systems and micro fuel cells. Kayhani et al [12] experimentally investigated the convective heat transfer and pressure drop of TiO2/water (nanoparticle volume fractions of 0.1%, 0.5%, 1.0%, 1.5% and 2.0%) nanofluid flow through a circular tube. An experimental analysis of heat transfer characteristics and friction factor of TiO2 and SiO2 water based nanofluids was carried out by Azmi et al [15] They determined the effect of nanoparticle volume fractions of nanoparticles of TiO2 and SiO2 on viscosity and thermal conductivity. Arani and Amani [16] investigated experimentally convective heat transfer and pressure drop of TiO2/water nanofluid with nanoparticle volume fraction of 0.002 – 0.02 and the range of Reynolds number was 8000 – 51000. TiO2/water nanofluid flow inside a horizontal straight semi – circular cross – sectioned micro – channel under hydrodynamically and thermally developing laminar flow condition was numerically analyzed.
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