CF@ER Instrument Validity and Reliability Using Exploratory Factor Analysis

Abstract

Research was undertaken to demonstrate the analytical reliability and validity of the Conceptual Framework for Entrepreneurial Resilience (CF@ER) questionnaire. A survey of 150 students from the Business Management Course was performed at one matriculation college in the Northern Region of Malaysia. The reliability and validity of the CF@ER questionnaire was tested using version 23 of the Social Sciences Statistical Package (SPSS) of Cronbach's Alpha and Exploratory Factor Analysis (EFA) respectively. The CF@ER questionnaire is a list of 36 items on a 5-point Likert-scale. The Cronbach alpha analysis shows the total score was 0.843 which demonstrates that the instruments items are highly reliable. Using abstraction of key component information and rotation with Varimax, EFA was then carried out with the validity components. There were 30 items left over for the factor loads above 0.5. The factor analysis suggests that the CF@ER has developed six factors, namely: personal competence, high standards and tenacity (PHT), trust in one's instincts, tolerance to negative affect and the strengthening effects of stress (TTS), positive acceptance of change and secure relationships (PS), control (C), spiritual influences (S) and entrepreneurial intention (EI). The findings of CF@ER would be of interest to educational practitioners in setting up a program of entrepreneurial teaching.