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Abstract
Parkinson’s disease (PD) is a common neurodegenerative disorder; however, well-established biochemical markers have not yet been identified. This review article covers several candidate cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) biomarkers for PD based on the recent literature and meta-analysis data. The decrease of α-synuclein in PD is supported by meta-analyses with modest reproducibility, and a decrease of amyloid β42 is seen as a prognostic marker for cognitive decline. Tau, phosphorylated tau (p-tau), and neurofilament light chains have been used to discriminate PD from other neurodegenerative disorders. This article also describes more hopeful biochemical markers, such as neurotransmitters, oxidative stress markers, and other candidate biomarkers.
Highlights
Parkinson’s disease (PD) is one of the most common neurodegenerative disorders, and is characterized by resting tremors, bradykinesia, rigidity, and postural instability, as well as cognitive symptoms [1]
The current clinical diagnostic criteria of PD are based on existence of parkinsonism and the exclusion of other disorders, and all the tests for PD, such as magnetic resonance imaging or nuclear medicine imaging are positioned as supportive tools [2]
We focused on the following markers in particular: (1) α-synuclein and its related molecules; (2) dopamine, neurotransmitters, and the metabolites; (3) oxidative stress markers; (4) amyloid beta
Summary
Parkinson’s disease (PD) is one of the most common neurodegenerative disorders, and is characterized by resting tremors, bradykinesia, rigidity, and postural instability, as well as cognitive symptoms [1]. This disorder is defined by degeneration of the substantia nigra and the presence of Lewy bodies, which contain abundant amounts of α-synuclein. The current clinical diagnostic criteria of PD are based on existence of parkinsonism and the exclusion of other disorders, and all the tests for PD, such as magnetic resonance imaging or nuclear medicine imaging are positioned as supportive tools [2]. Good biomarkers for PD with high sensitivity and specificity are desired
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