Abstract
Annotation. Cerebral small vessel disease has an important role in stroke, vascular dementia and functional loss in elderly persons. To analyze the new information, we used databases PubMed, Cochrane Library, Google Scholar, citing the vast majority of publications from the last five years (2016-2020), except three articles published from 2012 to 2014. Neuroimaging markers of cerebral small vessel disease include leukoaraiosis, lacunes and cerebral microinfarcts, enlarged perivascular spaces, brain atrophy, cerebral microbleeds, cortical siderosis. High-field MRI allows a more detailed study of brain changes in cerebral small vessel disease. Hypertensive arteriolosclerosis and cerebral amyloid angiopathy are the two main types of sporadic cerebral small vessel disease. Inflammation, impaired cerebrovascular reactivity, blood-brain barrier disfunction, hypoxia and ischemia of brain parenchyma, impaired drainage of toxins via perivascular spaces are key events in cerebral small vessel disease pathogenesis. At present there are no cerebral small vessel disease-specific treatments and further clinical studies are needed to help us to understand pathogenesis, early diagnosis and its prognostic value.
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