CENTRIFUGAL PUMP DESIGN MATERIALS AND SPECIFICATIONS

Abstract

Pumps are the machines that convert the mechanical energy they receive from the power supply into hydraulic energy. Pumps allow the fluid to reach the pump impeller by bringing the low pressure field to the suction line. The impeller directs the fluid to the outlet pipe and transmits it to the desired point. All pumps are divided into two main groups. These are displacement (positive displacement) and dynamic (non-positive displacement) type. The energy given to the flow in positive displacement pumps is periodically. In dynamic pumps, the energy supplied to increase the velocity of the fluid is continuous. Centrifugal pumps are dynamic pumps and are the most widely used pump type in agricultural irrigation. The heart of the centrifugal pump is the impeller. Centrifugal pumps consist of basic elements such as casing, impeller, diffuser, shaft, seals, stuffing box, suction and discharge ports, bearings, and couplings. Performance and lifetime are important for a successful pump. Performance relates to head, capacity and efficiency. The life span is the total running time of the pump. Pump construction material affects the performance, lifetime, operating regime and cost of the pump. In this study, the selection of materials used in making the centrifugal pump components and the factors affecting the material selection will be examined. As a result; factors such as the type of liquid to be conveyed, the substances contained in the liquid, the pumping temperature, the protection against corrosion, the amount of wear, the place of use of the pump, working pressure, working conditions, frequency of failure, operation and maintenance costs and life expectancy of the pump should be considered.