Central Tunicate Swarm NFOPID-Based Load Frequency Control of the Egyptian Power System Considering New Uncontrolled Wind and Photovoltaic Farms

Hady H Fayek,Panos Kotsampopoulos

doi:10.3390/en14123604

Hady H Fayek, Panos Kotsampopoulos

Open Access

https://doi.org/10.3390/en14123604

Copy DOI

Abstract

This paper presents load frequency control of the 2021 Egyptian power system, which consists of multi-source electrical power generation, namely, a gas and steam combined cycle, and hydro, wind and photovoltaic power stations. The simulation model includes five generating units considering physical constraints such as generation rate constraints (GRC) and the speed governor dead band. It is assumed that a centralized controller is located at the national control center to regulate the frequency of the grid. Four controllers are applied in this research: PID, fractional-order PID (FOPID), non-linear PID (NPID) and non-linear fractional-order PID (NFOPID), to control the system frequency. The design of each controller is conducted based on the novel tunicate swarm algorithm at each operating condition. The novel method is compared to other widely used optimization techniques. The results show that the tunicate swarm NFOPID controller leads the Egyptian power system to a better performance than the other control schemes. This research also presents a comparison between four methods to self-tune the NFOPID controller at each operating condition.

Highlights

Egypt is facing a continuous increase in its population, which is leading to an increase in the electrical power demand
The results show that tunicate swarm achieved a lower Integral time absolute error (ITAE) by 17% and Integral absolute error (IAE) by 42% than those of Teaching–learning-based optimization (TLBO) which was better in performance than Particle swarm optimization (PSO) and genetic algorithm (GA)
This paper presented a comparison between different control schemes and optimization techniques to control the Egyptian grid frequency

Summary

Introduction

Egypt is facing a continuous increase in its population, which is leading to an increase in the electrical power demand. To face this situation, the Ministry of Electricity of Egypt decided to establish new power plants and transmission lines to generate and transfer electrical energy. The extension of the power system may lead to transmission lines overloading, islanding of some parts or even interference of the power system protection system [1]. The share of renewable energies in power systems worldwide is in continuous increase, which leads to an observable reduction in the moment of inertia of the system. The reduction in system inertia leads to additional fluctuations in frequency [2]. The frequency fluctuations may lead to system black out which has happened several times, for example, in 2019 in the UK due to under-frequency load shedding

Methods

Results

Discussion

Conclusion