Central Nervous System and Psychiatric Complications in Long Coronavirus Disease 2019

Abstract

Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2(SARS-CoV-2)has prevailed worldwide since early 2020 and has caused the global coronavirus disease 2019(COVID-19)pandemic. A considerable number of patients suffer from various sequela after SARS-CoV-2 infection, which is known as post COVID-19 condition(PCC). Amid the COVID-19 pandemic, we opened a COVID-19 aftercare clinic in February 2021 in Okayama University Hospital, where we specifically consult PCC patients. While examining such patients, three Cs are essential: complexity, continuity, and collaboration. Neurological and psychiatric manifestations are particularly important from the wide range of PCC symptoms. Indeed, a recent meta-analysis demonstrated that PCC patients suffer from brain fog(32%), memory loss(27%), attention disorder(22%), dyssomnia(31%), anxiety(23%), and depression(12%). The pathophysiology and treatment strategies for these conditions are yet to be developed, and further research is required. We have corroborated that endocrinological impairments may underlie the onset and deterioration of PCC. Through our continuous consultation at the COVID-19 aftercare clinic, we intend to conduct research on the pathophysiology of and treatment strategies for PCC.