Central Giant Cell Granuloma of The Maxilla: Case Report and Literature Review

Abstract

Introduction: Central giant cell granuloma (CGCG) is a rare bony lesion in the Head and Neck region. It is a non-odontogenic tumor never seen in any other bone of the skeleton. It is an intraosseous lesion consisting of cellular fibrous tissue that contains multiple foci of hemorrhage, aggregations of multinucleated giant cells and occasionally trabeculae of woven bone. Case Report: We report a case of a 50-year-old female patient with swelling on the right side of face for 4 months. Intraoral examination shows a mass in right lower jaw in the region of 45 and 46 edentulous areas. The swelling had smooth surface, firm and tender on palpation. There was no expansion of lingual region. The radiological examination revealed a well-defined multiloculated expansile and lytic lesion in the right mandible, extending from the 44 to 47 with a resorption of teeth 44. The patient underwent incisional biopsy and the diagnosis of CGCG and brown tumor of hyperparathyroidism was proposed. According to the clinical radiological and biological findings, the diagnosis of CGCG was confirmed. The enucleation of the lesion with the extraction of 44 was done. Discussion: Central giant cell granuloma (CGCG) is a benign intraosseous lesion of the head and neck with potential for aggressive and locally destructive behaviour. Lesions of the maxilla tend to expand more than those of the mandible due to the thinner cortices and spongy tissue of this location. Surgical removal is the most common treatment; however, it may be disfiguring in aggressive cases, especially for lesions located in the maxilla. Alternative treatments, such as intralesional corticosteroid injections, have been performed with satisfactory results.