Abstract
Schizophrenia is a chronic, debilitating neuropsychiatric disorder. Multiple transcriptomic gene expression profiling analysis has been used to identify schizophrenia-associated genes, unravel disease-associated biomarkers, and predict clinical outcomes. We aimed to identify gene expression regulation, underlying pathways, and their roles in schizophrenia pathogenesis. We searched the Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) database for microarray studies of fibroblasts, lymphoblasts, and post-mortem brains of schizophrenia patients. Our analysis demonstrated high FOS expression in non-neural peripheral samples and low FOS expression in brain tissues of schizophrenia patients compared with healthy controls. FOS exhibited predictive value for schizophrenia patients in these datasets. Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) enrichment analysis revealed that “amphetamine addiction” was among the top 10 significantly enriched KEGG pathways. FOS and FOSB, which are implicated in the amphetamine addiction pathway, were up-regulated in schizophrenia fibroblast samples. Protein–protein interaction (PPI) network analysis revealed that proteins closely interacting with FOS-encoded protein were also involved in the amphetamine addiction pathway. Pearson correlation test indicated that FOS showed positive correlation with genes in the amphetamine pathway. The results revealed that FOS was acceptable as a biomarker for schizophrenia and may be involved in schizophrenia pathogenesis.
Highlights
Schizophrenia is a chronic and debilitating neuropsychiatric disorder affecting 1% of the population, posing a severe social and economic burden on societies worldwide (McGrath et al, 2008; Howes and Murray, 2014)
Our analysis focused on gene expression changes and related pathways contributing to the pathogenesis of schizophrenia
The analysis of the top 10 Differentially Expressed Genes (DEGs) in schizophrenia and healthy samples revealed that FOS and FOSB, were significantly up-regulated in schizophrenia fibroblast samples
Summary
Schizophrenia is a chronic and debilitating neuropsychiatric disorder affecting 1% of the population, posing a severe social and economic burden on societies worldwide (McGrath et al, 2008; Howes and Murray, 2014). Schizophrenia is considered a neurodevelopmental disorder with heterogeneous, polygenic, and highly heritable. FOS Expression in Schizophrenia etiology (Quadrato et al, 2016). Schizophrenia affects gross architectural structures, specific cell types, and ion channels across different brain regions, including the prefrontal cortex, thalamus, thalamic reticular nucleus, and basal ganglia (Heyes et al, 2015; Mouchlianitis et al, 2016; Goff et al, 2017). The precise etiology and pathogenesis underlying schizophrenia are not fully known. Identifications of gene changes as biomarkers for schizophrenia may be helpful for diagnostic assessment of patients
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