Abstract
A novel vanadium–cellulose composite thin film-based on angular interrogation surface plasmon resonance (SPR) sensor for ppb-level detection of Ni(II) ion was developed. Experimental results show that the sensor has a linear response to the Ni(II) ion concentrations in the range of 2–50 ppb with a determination coefficient (R2) of 0.9910. This SPR sensor can attain a maximum sensitivity (0.068° ppb−1), binding affinity constant (1.819 × 106 M−1), detection accuracy (0.3034 degree−1), and signal-to-noise-ratio (0.0276) for Ni(II) ion detection. The optical properties of thin-film targeting Ni(II) ions in different concentrations were obtained by fitting the SPR reflectance curves using the WinSpall program. All in all, the proposed Au/MPA/V–CNCs–CTA thin-film-based surface plasmon resonance sensor exhibits better sensing performance than the previous film-based sensor and demonstrates a wide and promising technology candidate for environmental monitoring applications in the future.
Highlights
The rapid growth in the industrial revolution, in the production of stainless steel, kitchenware, and hard-wearing plating, has led to an enormous demand for nickel [1]
These concentrations were chosen as they represent the concentrations that are near the detection limit obtained from previous work [36]
This is because the refractive indices of 8 and 10 ppb of Ni(II) ion concentrations were almost similar to the refractive index of deionized water (DW), did not change the refractive index of the metal surface
Summary
The rapid growth in the industrial revolution, in the production of stainless steel, kitchenware, and hard-wearing plating, has led to an enormous demand for nickel [1]. It is worth noting that there are around 3000 alloys containing nickel that are in everyday use [3,4,5]. The toxicity of nickel is low, occupational and casual exposures to nickel are mainly occurred, lead to health problems. While casual exposure to nickel occurs mainly in the use of shiny things such as coins, watches, jewelry, zippers, exposure causes nickel allergies and dermatitis [6,7,8,9,10,11]. Bioaccumulation of nickel can occur in fish or agriculture, and humans at the highest levels of the food chain, which will receive harmful effects and cause chronic or acute illness when the amount is excessive, >20 μg/L [17,18,19]. The nickel-ion quantification at low concentrations became increasingly important
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