Cellpackexplorer: Interactive model building for volumetric data of complex cells

Introduction: Volumetric Laser Endomicroscopy (VLE) is used to detect Barrett's esophagus (BE) dysplasia. VLE features of glandular atypia, increased surface signal intensity, and lack of layering are associated with BE dysplasia. Experienced VLE users show high interobserver agreement in identifying a region of interest (ROI) containing these features. The accuracy of novice users in dysplastic ROI identification is unknown. The study aim was to determine the interobserver agreement between novice and experienced VLE users for dysplastic ROI identification. Methods: 18 VLE scans (12 high-grade dysplasia; 6 intramucosal adenocarcinoma) from a US based multicenter registry were selected. To optimize interpretation, scans were divided into videos corresponding to 1 cm of circumferential BE, representing ˜200 cross-sectional images. Each video was divided into four quadrants. For each quadrant, reviewers were asked to select the timeframe with the most representative features of dysplasia. If a quadrant contained no features of dysplasia, reviewers were asked to rate it as non-dysplastic BE. Expert VLE raters had experience reviewing >50 VLE scans. Novice VLE raters were endoscopists with no VLE experience who were presented a 20 minute tutorial of images/videos on VLE features of BE dysplasia. High agreement among VLE reviewers in each group (experts vs. novice) was defined by ≥75% agreement on the quadrant diagnosis (dysplastic vs. non-dysplastic) and ≥50% agreement on timeframe (±5 sec). Results: A total of 31 videos (124 quadrants) were reviewed by 4 expert and 4 novice VLE users. There was high agreement among expert users in 95 (77%) quadrants of which 61 (64%) quadrants were rated as dysplastic. There was high agreement among novice users in 88 (71%) quadrants of which 60 (68%) quadrants were rated as dysplastic. Expert and novice users agreed on the diagnosis of dysplasia in 44 (56%) of 78 quadrants. 17 (22%) quadrants were rated by experts as dysplastic and by novice users as non-dysplastic. 17 (22%) quadrants were rated by novice users as dysplastic and experts as non-dysplastic. There was no interobserver agreement between novice and expert groups in identifying a ROI concerning for dysplasia (kappa -0.27). Conclusion: There was no agreement in identification of dysplastic ROIs with VLE between novice and expert users, highlighting the importance of additional training of novice users in the use of this technology.

Introduction: Point-of-care ultrasound (POCUS) is increasingly used by both novice and expert users in the rapid assessment of critically ill children. Prior studies have suggested that novice POCUS users are able to obtain and interpret ultrasound images with reasonable accuracy as compared to expert users. We hypothesize that the interpretation of ultrasound images obtained by novice users during rapid response team (RRT) deployment will be similar compared to that of experts. Methods: Novice POCUS users (Pediatric Critical Care Medicine fellows who have completed a one-day POCUS training course) used a handheld ultrasound probe in patient assessment during rapid response team activations called for respiratory and/or circulatory failure. Images of the lungs, heart, and IVC were obtained and stored. Novice users interpreted the saved images using a standardized survey. Two expert POCUS users interpreted the deidentified stored images retrospectively using identical survey responses. Novice and expert POCUS users’ responses were compared for concordance. Results: From March to July 2025, 16 RRT assessments were completed using POCUS per study protocol. Interrater reliability was analyzed using Cohen’s kappa and percent agreement. On categorical measures of LV function (n=8), pericardial effusion (n=7), lung sliding (n=7), and pleural effusion (n=4), novices had 100% agreement with experts (100% agreement between expert 1 and 2). When comparing the novice to expert evaluation for all measurements, agreement between novice and experts 1 and 2 was 86.9% and 87.8%, respectively. Across all variables, expert agreement was 90.2% (unweighted kappa 0.66, weighted kappa 0.76). Conclusions: Compared to expert POCUS users, novice users demonstrated perfect agreement in interpreting ultrasound images obtained during pediatric RRT assessments on measures indicative of pathologic findings. These findings suggest that with brief POCUS training, novice users can reliably identify clinically significant imaging abnormalities. Further analysis of additional data will assess the impact of POCUS on clinical decision making and accuracy of differential diagnosis determination.

BACKGROUND: Despite technological advances to minimize the damage caused by ostomy surgery, patients face many physical and emotional challenges that can severely impact their health-related quality of life. PURPOSE: This survey monitored the wellness of patients with ostomies during their clinical follow-up through the 8-item Wellness Questionnaire, a simplified version of the validated Ostomy-Q. METHODS: The survey involved 1054 Italian novice and expert ostomy appliance users who had received a new device prescription (expert users changed to a new device due to problems with a previous device such as a change in weight or body profile and leakage). Patients were questioned at 2 time points: baseline (T0) and 4 weeks after stoma placement (T1). RESULTS: The overall Wellness Questionnaire score and the individual items generally improved from T0 to T1 for both types of users, suggesting that both novice and expert users face an adjustment phase for the ostomy device that impacts several aspects of their life. However, novice users were less concerned about social relations and skin irritation at both time points compared with expert users, whereas device visibility under clothes at T0 and social relationships at T1 were of lesser concern for experienced users than for novice ones. CONCLUSION: The Wellness Questionnaire, carried out by stoma therapists during the clinical follow-up of patients with ostomies, highlighted an overall improving trend 1 month after the device prescription for both expert and novice users. Both types of patients faced daily challenges related to the new ostomy device but from different perspectives. Further studies are needed to confirm the outcomes of this survey.

The Nintendo Switch is a popular hybrid portable gaming console that employs a novel modular design, enabling it to be played in multiple controller configurations: Handheld mode, left and right JoyCon Sticks, and the JoyCon Grip. However, there are notes of user complaints about the complexity of performing basic tasks as a result of the unintuitiveness of its user interface. This can result to poor gaming experience and may potentially affect customer buying decisions. To assess the affordance of the user interface design of the Nintendo Switch, a total of 16 Filipino participants, classified as either novice or expert users, based on familiarity with the Switch or other gaming consoles and their functionalities, were made to perform a predetermined set of tasks on navigating through the Nintendo Switch’s basic menus, and playing a racing game across different controller orientations. Affordance, overall usability, and gaming experience satisfaction were measured through 5-point Likert scales (5 being the highest) for affordance surveys, system usability scale (SUS) surveys, and in-task and post-task surveys, respectively. Separate sets of surveys were done for general navigation and gaming tasks. Additionally, quantitative measures of effectiveness (task completion success rates) and efficiency (time to successfully complete tasks) were taken for general navigation tasks, and compared between novice and expert users. Task efficiency rates were also compared to baseline values obtained from experienced Nintendo Switch users. Results show a significant difference between expert and novice users’ effectiveness rates, with expert users all successfully performing 73% of navigation tasks, compared to novice rates of 18%. Efficiency rates for both expert and novice participant groups consistently fell significantly behind baseline task completion times. Affordance survey results showed consistent ratings across different controller configurations for expert users, and high preference for JoyCon Grip and Handheld mode configurations for novice participants. Of all SUS scores, only Game Navigation for expert users scored above the 68-point threshold. Recommendations to improve the Nintendo Switch user interface affordance and overall user satisfaction were made.

Content-based video retrieval systems have been widely associated with desktop environments that are largely complex in nature, targeting expert users and often require complex queries. Due to this complexity, interaction with these systems can be a challenge for regular ”novice” users. In recent years, a shift can be observed from this traditional desktop environment to that of handheld devices, which requires a different approach to interacting with the user. In this paper, we evaluate the performance of a handheld content-based video retrieval system on both expert and novice users. We show that with this type of device, a simple and intuitive interface, which incorporates the principles of content-based systems, though hidden from the user, attains the same accuracy for both novice and desktop users when faced with complex information retrieval tasks. We describe an experiment which utilises the Apple iPad as our handheld medium in which both a group of experts and novice users run the interactive experiments from the 2010 TRECVid Known-Item Search task. The results indicate that a carefully defined interface can equalise the performance of both novice and expert users.

Learning and usability of a 3D modelling system depend on direct and indirect human-dependent factors. These factors need to be studied in order to design a state-of-the-art computer tool or software. In this paper, we have presented a novice/expert analysis of a 3D modelling system in which user used two different sets of inputs i.e. keyboard/mouse and speech/gesture to draw the 3D object in AutoCAD. To analyse the user's cognitive workload, we have used electroencephalography (EEG) signals and extracted various frequency bands and power spectral density (PSD) estimates. EEG signals and questionnaires were used to understand the user's behaviour. The results showed that users find i t d ifficult to dr aw a 3D object using the multi-modal input speech/gesture compared to keyboard/mouse. A significant change in theta and alpha bands activity was observed during the analysis. We found that novice users were relatively comfortable in using multi-modal interface system then the expert users which indicates that novice users can learn to use the multi-modal input more quickly then the expert users.

Modelling 3D objects in CAD software requires special skills which require a novice user to undergo a series of training exercises to obtain. To minimize the training time for a novice user, the user-dependent factors must be studied. we have presented a comparative analysis of novice/expert information flow patterns. We have used Normalized Transfer Entropy (NTE) and Electroencephalogram (EEG) to investigate the differences. The experiment was divided into three cognitive states i.e., rest, drawing, and manipulation. We applied classification algorithms on NTE matrices and graph theory measures to see the effectiveness of NTE. The results revealed that the experts show approximately the same cognitive activation in drawing and manipulation states, whereas for novices the brain activation is more in manipulation state than drawing state. The hemisphere- and lobe-wise analysis showed that expert users have developed an ability to control the information flow in various brain regions. On the other hand, novice users have shown a continuous increase in information flow activity in almost all regions when doing drawing and manipulation tasks. A classification accuracy of more than 90% was achieved with a simple K-nearest neighbors (k-NN) to classify novice and expert users. The results showed that the proposed technique can be used to develop adaptive 3D modelling systems.

A major obstacle to widespread acceptance of formal verification is the difficulty in using the tools effectively. Although learning the basic syntax and operation of a formal verification tool may be easy, expert users are often able to accomplish a verification task while a novice user encounters time-out or space-out attempting the same task. In this paper, we assert that often a novice user will model a system in a different manner-semantically equivalent, but less efficient for the verification tool-than an expert user would, that some of these inefficient modeling choices can be easily detected at the source-code level, and that a robust verification tool should identify these inefficiencies and optimize them, thereby helping to close the gap between novice and expert users. To test our hypothesis, we propose some possible optimizations for the Mur/spl phi/ verification system, implement the simplest of these, and compare the results on a variety of examples written by both experts and novices (the Mur/spl phi/ distribution examples, a set of cache coherence protocol models, and a portion of the IEEE 1394 Firewire protocol). The results support our assertion-a nontrivial fraction of the Mur/spl phi/ models written by novice users were significantly accelerated by the very simple optimization. Our findings strongly support further research in this area.

Gojek is one of the biggest online transportations in Indonesia which has been downloaded more than 142 million times. Even though it has been used by a wide number of users, the application still needs to be improved which can be seen from users’ complaints and feedback. This research aimed to analyze the comparison between novice and expert users of the Gojek application through usability evaluation using the Think Aloud Protocol (TAP) and System Usability Scale (SUS) Questionnaire. The TA protocol was chosen to give authors insight into the participants’ way of thinking when using the application. Meanwhile, the SUS can quantify the effectiveness, efficiency, and user satisfaction. Five usability criteria were being tested in this research include learnability, efficiency, memorability, error, and user satisfaction. The results showed that the SUS score for the Gojek application from expert users is 69.68 which is above average and higher compared to the score from novice users which is 64.38. The minimum SUS score for a good application is 68, meaning that the Gojek application is usable enough for expert users but not for novice users. In conclusion, Gojek needs to make the application more user-friendly for novice users.

The application of analysis data software packages, such as SPSS, appears challenging for those who lack experience in quantitative researches particularly amongst novice users. Prior studies have proven that SPSS novice users face some difficulties in analyzing data correctly for their research purposes. The existing modules that serve as references are insufficiently interesting to promote SPSS learning and does not support on students’ cognitive ability. Hence, a module using four-step approach based on learning via case study example and infographic called ‘ReSt’ module was developed as an effort to assist novice users in learning quantitative data analysis methods using the SPSS. With that, the research design employed in this study was the survey method in order to determine the ReSt module usability level perception. A total of 78 novice users who comprised of undergraduate and postgraduate students participated in this research throughout a two-day SPSS basic course in order to evaluate their perception regarding the usability level of the module. A usability questionnaire categorized four primary domains, which are usefulness, ease of use, ease of learning, and satisfaction was applied to evaluate the ReSt module usability level perception. The outcomes revealed that the usability level of the proposed module had been high among the novice users, for the contexts of usefulness, ease of use, ease of learning, and satisfaction. Therefore, the use of the ReSt module for SPSS novice users is indeed relevant and appropriate, thus fulfill the usability amongst novice users to function as a reference in data analysis learning using the SPSS, especially amongst core quantitative researchers.

With the increase of visualization platforms targeting novices, researchers are now focusing on gathering insights regarding novice user practices. We describe the design and evaluation of Exploration Views (EV), a system that allows novice visualization users to easily build and customize Business Intelligence information dashboards. EV provides an intuitive environment for dynamically creating, rearranging, searching and exploring multiple visual data representations from diverse data-sources. These aspects aid users to better retrieve, experiment and familiarize themselves with their data. We evaluated EV with both novice and expert dashboard designers and report here (i) how novice users interact with the system, (ii) differences in how novice and expert users react to a dashboard systems that targets both, and (iii) provide new design guidelines for practitioners building dashboard applications, on the needs of novice visualization users.

Different social groups place varying emphasis on the importance of referent input. While referent groups are recognised as having a significant influence on purchase behaviour, attitude formation and information processing, the extent to which referent groups are a determinant in decision making is yet to be fully explored. Considering novice and expert users of the maternity services, this paper focuses on the significance of referent groups for women during the maternity process. This research produced interesting results, not least that novice and expert users, resident in lower ACORN areas are dependent on informal referent groups while novice users, resident in higher ACORN areas, are influenced by formal referent groups when making decisions regarding their care. Copyright © 2001 Henry Stewart Publications.

Point-of-care ultrasound (POCUS) is widely used for musculoskeletal assessment, yet novice users often lack confidence and consistency. The Shoulder Toolkit (STK) was developed to provide a structured framework for shoulder ultrasound. This study compared the STK with traditional methods among novice and expert users. Thirty-three participants (17 novices, 16 experts) performed standardized shoulder examinations using both traditional methods and the STK. Outcomes included participant confidence, satisfaction, usability (System Usability Scale, SUS), user experience (UXS), net promoter score (NPS), workload (NASA-TLX), and image quality (5-point scale). Assessments were conducted pre- and post-examination. Novices demonstrated significant confidence gains with the STK compared to both pre-examination and traditional methods (p < 0.001). Novice satisfaction was higher with the STK (p = 0.002), whereas experts preferred traditional methods (p = 0.023). Usability increased for all users with the STK (p = 0.003), with novices showing marked improvements (p < 0.001). Experts rated traditional usability higher than novices (p = 0.010), though no group differences were observed for the STK. Novices expressed stronger preference for the STK across learnability, efficiency, utility, and satisfaction (all p < 0.005), with higher likelihood to recommend (p = 0.003). NASA-TLX scores indicated lower mental demand with the STK (p < 0.001), alongside performance and frustration differences between novices and experts under traditional and STK conditions. Experts achieved higher image quality scores than novices (p < 0.001). The STK enhanced novice confidence, satisfaction, usability, and reduced workload compared to traditional methods, while experts favored traditional examination. The STK offers a structured, user-friendly approach that may accelerate novice skill acquisition and promote consistency in musculoskeletal ultrasound, supporting wider adoption of POCUS in clinical practice.

Freehand single-photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) (fh-SPECT) for optical tracked 3-dimensional radioactivity mapping raises popularity for sentinel node biopsy and other radio-guided procedures. However, the device seems to be complex, requiring both training and a standardized scan protocol. Therefore, the aim of this study was to compare handling reproducibility between novice and expert users; subsequently, using additional scans, we evaluated a standardized scan protocol to be tested in novice users after receiving training. Three groups (untrained novices, experts, and trained novices), each one composed of 5 fh-SPECT users, were given the same short introduction and the assignment to perform 3 fh-SPECT scans with the same time per scan. For the scans, a reproducible phantom with an iodine-125 point source was used. Furthermore, we performed probe-trajectory evaluation including pattern, speed, and length of scans based on recorded videos and digital target tracking. The training period encompasses 30 minutes per novice user. The mean error in 3 directions based on 45 measurements was 7.4 mm for untrained novices and 3.2 mm for expert users. The trained novice group had a mean error of 2.9 mm (a significant 61% reduction), comparable to the expert group. The reproducibility values, expressed in SD, were 4.1 mm for the untrained novice group, 1.3 mm for the expert group, and 1.1 mm for the trained novices (73% improvement). The standardized scan protocol was demonstrated by means of trajectory evaluation, a scan path better systematized. Scanning with fh-SPECT for radio-guided surgery requires a specific training period to increase handling and reproducibility of 3-dimensional imaging, and to enhance its accuracy in the operating room.

E-Learning is an important media that an educational institution must have. Successful information design for e-learning depends on its user's characteristics. This study explores differences between novice and expert users' eye movement data. This differences between expert and novice users were compared and identified based on gaze features. Each participant must do three main tasks of e-learning. This paper gives the result that there are differences between gaze features of experts and novices.