Abstract
ABSTRACT Date palm accumulates a wide range of secondary metabolites high in nutritional and therapeutic value. In the present study, date palm (Phoenix dactylifera L., cv. Shaishi) shoot-tip-induced callus was used to establish cell suspension cultures in Murashige and Skoog (MS) liquid medium containing 1.5 mg L-1 2-isopentenyladenine (2iP) and 10 mg L-1 naphthaleneacetic acid (NAA). To study the growth kinetics, cultures were maintained for 12 weeks during which weekly measurements were carried out to determine the biomass accumulation based on packed cell volume (%), fresh weight and dry weight (g). In addition, weekly determination of polyphenols (catechin, caffeic acid, kaempferol, and apigenin) was carried out using high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). The 11-week-old culture was found highest in the production of biomass (62.9 g L-1 fresh weight and 7.6 g L-1 dry weight) and polyphenols (catechin-155.9 µg L-1, caffeic acid-162.7 µg L-1, kaempferol-89.7 µg L-1, and apigenin-242.7 µg L-1) from the cell suspension cultures. This is the first report on the production of polyphenols from the cell suspension culture of date palm. This study facilitates further development of large-scale production of polyphenols and the utilization of bioreactors.
Highlights
Plant secondary metabolites (PSM) are a diverse group of organic compounds that are produced by plants
The establishment of date palm cell suspension cultures is an ideal tool for the efficient production of polyphenols
Secondary metabolite accumulation is genotypic dependent in plants which leads to variation in the metabolites accumulation among cultivars (Murthy et al, 2014; Hamad et al, 2015)
Summary
Plant secondary metabolites (PSM) are a diverse group of organic compounds that are produced by plants. PSM possess diverse biological activities and applications in the field of pharmaceuticals, insecticides, dyes, flavors, and fragrance industries (Gandhi; Mahajan; Bedi, 2015; Grzegorczyk-Karolak; Kuz’ma; Wysokin’ska, 2016). Secondary metabolism offers attractive targets for plant breeding, the enormous biosynthetic potential of plant cells remains unexploited (Gandhi; Mahajan; Bedi, 2015). Phoenix dactylifera L., a monocotyledonous angiosperm diploid species (2n = 36) belongs to the Arecaceae (Palmae) family (Al-Khayri; Jain; Johnson, 2015). Phenolics account for most of the antioxidant properties of dates (Louaileche; Hammiche; Hamoudi, 2015; Al-Khayri et al, 2018) Polyphenols such as catechin, caffeic acid, kaempferol, and apigenin are present in date fruits (El Hadrami; Daayf; El Hadrami, 2011; Hamad et al, 2015). These polyphenols are the best-known antioxidants used to treat cancer, diabetics, cardiovascular and neurodegenerative diseases (Zaveri, 2006; Shukla; Gupta, 2010; Calderon-Montaño et al, 2011; Rajendra et al, 2011; Kim; Choi, 2013)
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