Abstract
Cardiovascular diseases remain an important cause of morbi-mortality. Atherosclerosis, which predisposes to cardiovascular disorders such as myocardial infarction and stroke, develops silently over several decades. Identification of circulating biomarkers to evaluate cardiovascular event risk and pathology prognosis is of particular importance. Microparticles (MPs) are small vesicles released from cells upon apoptosis or activation. Microparticles are present in blood of healthy individuals. Studies showing a modification of their concentrations in patients with cardiovascular risk factors and after cardiovascular events identify MPs as potential biomarkers of disease. Moreover, the pathophysiological properties of MPs may contribute to atherosclerosis development. In addition, pharmacological compounds, used in the treatment of cardiovascular disease, can reduce plasma MP concentrations. Nevertheless, numerous issues remain to be solved before MP measurement can be applied as routine biological tests to improve cardiovascular risk prediction. In particular, prospective studies to identify the predictive values of MPs in pathologies such as cardiovascular diseases are needed to demonstrate whether MPs are useful biomarkers for the early detection of the disease and its progression.
Highlights
Cardiovascular diseases remain an important cause of morbimortality
Identification of circulating biomarkers to evaluate cardiovascular event risk and pathology prognosis is of particular importance
Studies performed with MPs generated in vitro from cell lines or isolated ex vivo have shown that they can influence various processes involved in atherogenesis, such as endothelial function, angiogenesis, inflammation and thrombosis, suggesting that MPs are markers, and actors in cardiovascular diseases
Summary
Cardiovascular diseases remain an important cause of morbimortality. Atherosclerosis, which predisposes to cardiovascular disorders, is often accompanied by endothelial dysfunction and associated endothelium injury [1]. Endothelial cells produce chemoattractant factors, which induce monocyte recruitment and infiltration in the neo-intima. Inflammatory activation and cellular stress in general [3] occurring during atherosclerosis development induce the formation of MPs. Microparticles are small vesicles, between 0.1 and 1 m in diameter. Microparticles are small vesicles, between 0.1 and 1 m in diameter They are present in plasma of healthy individuals and their concentrations change in various clinical conditions [4]. MPs emerge as cardiovascular disease markers of particular interest. Studies performed with MPs generated in vitro from cell lines or isolated ex vivo have shown that they can influence various processes involved in atherogenesis, such as endothelial function, angiogenesis, inflammation and thrombosis, suggesting that MPs are markers, and actors in cardiovascular diseases
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