Abstract
Cholangiocarcinoma (CAA) and other liver cancer subtypes often develop in damaged organs. Physiologic agents or extrinsic factors like toxins can induce cell death in such tissues triggering compensatory proliferation and inflammation. Depending on extra- and intracellular factors different mechanisms like apoptosis, necroptosis, ferroptosis or autophagy can be triggered. Each of them can lead to pro- or anti-tumorigenic events within a cell or through regulation of the microenvironment. However, the exact role of each cell death mechanism in CCA onset, progression and treatment is not well known. Here, we summarize current knowledge of different cell death mechanisms in CCA patients and preclinical CCA research. We discuss cell death-related drugs with relevance to CCA treatment and how they could be used in the future to improve targeted CCA therapy.
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