Abstract
In vitro cell exposure to nanoparticles, depending on the applied concentration, can help in the development of theranostic tools to better detect and treat human diseases. Recent studies have attempted to understand and exploit the impact of magnetic field-actuated internalized magnetic nanoparticles (MNPs) on the behavior of cancer cells. In this work, the viability rate of MNP’s-manipulated cancerous (MCF-7, MDA-MB-231) and non-cancerous (MCF-10A) cells was investigated in three different types of low-frequency magnetic fields: static, pulsed, and rotating field mode. In the non-cancerous cell line, the cell viability decreased mostly in cells with internalized MNPs and those treated with the pulsed field mode. In both cancer cell lines, the pulsed field mode was again the optimum magnetic field, which together with internalized MNPs caused a large decrease in cells’ viability (50–55% and 70% in MCF-7 and MDA-MB-231, respectively) while the static and rotating field modes maintained the viability at high levels. Finally, F-actin staining was used to observe the changes in the cytoskeleton and DAPI staining was performed to reveal the apoptotic alterations in cells’ nuclei before and after magneto-mechanical activation. Subsequently, reduced cell viability led to a loss of actin stress fibers and apoptotic nuclear changes in cancer cells subjected to MNPs triggered by a pulsed magnetic field.
Highlights
Breast cancer is the leading cause of death, competing against cardiovascular disease, and the most diagnosed cancer among women worldwide [1]
To reduce undesirable secondary effects, several studies [3,4] have been reported the use of radio-frequency (RF) magnetic field and magnetic nanoparticles (MNPs) in magnetic hyperthermia to destroy cancer cells, as MNPs allow the selective delivery of a therapeutic agent to the target
We studied the behavioral changes in normal and breast cancer cells after the application of magnetic fields and/or magneto-mechanical activation
Summary
Breast cancer is the leading cause of death, competing against cardiovascular disease, and the most diagnosed cancer among women worldwide [1]. Many studies have focused on the development of new anticancer drugs, paving the pathway for subsequent in vivo and clinical trials [2]. To reduce undesirable secondary effects, several studies [3,4] have been reported the use of radio-frequency (RF) magnetic field and magnetic nanoparticles (MNPs) in magnetic hyperthermia to destroy cancer cells, as MNPs allow the selective delivery of a therapeutic agent to the target. A lot of issues need to be addressed, such as the biological mechanisms of cells that take place after a temperature increase above. The magneto-mechanical effect of nanoparticles is a relatively new field of research for cancer treatment [5], in which mechanical forces that are generated via magnetic fields manipulate MNPs inside variable environments [6,7,8].
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