Cell and tissue reactions in response to experimental implantation of modified artificial vascular prostheses

Abstract

Objective. To perform histological evaluation of cell and tissue reactions in response to experimental implantation of various variants of antibacterial modifications of artificial vascular prostheses.Materials and methods. The study of the cell and tissue reactions was carried out on 45 laboratory white rats. Industrially produced samples of textile woven vascular prostheses modified by two types of developed coatings based on a polyvinyl-chitosan complex with the addition of biologically active substances and the antibiotic Vancomycin 1 % were studied. In accordance with the design of the study, the animals were removed from the experiment on the 5th, 14th day and 20th week of the postoperative period by means of decapitation. Samples were taken for histological examination.Results. The study of the cellular composition of tissues along the periphery of the vascular prostheses has showed that the animals of the experimental groups had less pronounced inflammatory reactions compared with the control one on the 5th day of observation. The largest number of cells forming connective tissue fibers was in the samples of the second experimental group (p < 0.05). During the intermediate followup periods (day 14), the inflammatory reaction continued to decrease in the experimental samples and a high rate of formation and maturation of granulation tissue was observed (p < 0.05). The inflammatory productive reaction decreased significantly (p < 0.05) in the samples of the second experimental group compared to the first experimental group. During the late follow-up period (20 weeks), the experimental groups were significantly characterized (p < 0.05) by less severe chronic inflammation reactions and a higher degree of maturation and transformation of granulation tissue into coarse-fibrous one, and a higher content of mature connective tissue cells was determined in the second experimental group compared to the first experimental group (p < 0.05).Conclusion. We have found that the most preferred modifications of textile woven vascular prostheses are antibacterial coatings without polyvinylpyrrolidone, which significantly reduce inflammatory reactions and enhance the fibroplastic properties of the prostheses during all follow-up periods.