Cell Adhesion Molecules are Mediated by Photobiomodulation at 660 nm in Diabetic Wounded Fibroblast Cells.

Nicolette N Houreld,Sandra M Ayuk,Heidi Abrahamse

doi:10.3390/cells7040030

Abstract

Diabetes affects extracellular matrix (ECM) metabolism, contributing to delayed wound healing and lower limb amputation. Application of light (photobiomodulation, PBM) has been shown to improve wound healing. This study aimed to evaluate the influence of PBM on cell adhesion molecules (CAMs) in diabetic wound healing. Isolated human skin fibroblasts were grouped into a diabetic wounded model. A diode laser at 660 nm with a fluence of 5 J/cm2 was used for irradiation and cells were analysed 48 h post-irradiation. Controls consisted of sham-irradiated (0 J/cm2) cells. Real-time reverse transcription (RT) quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) was used to determine the expression of CAM-related genes. Ten genes were up-regulated in diabetic wounded cells, while 25 genes were down-regulated. Genes were related to transmembrane molecules, cell–cell adhesion, and cell–matrix adhesion, and also included genes related to other CAM molecules. PBM at 660 nm modulated gene expression of various CAMs contributing to the increased healing seen in clinical practice. There is a need for new therapies to improve diabetic wound healing. The application of PBM alongside other clinical therapies may be very beneficial in treatment.

Highlights

Forty-eight hours post-irradiation at a wavelength of 660 nm with 5 J/cm2, 64 genes related to cell adhesion molecules (CAMs) was determined by real-time reverse transcription (RT)-quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) in an in vitro diabetic wounded model (Table 3)
Fibroblast cells play a major role in wound healing, and carry a variety of CAMs, and a deficiency in these CAMs may lead to delayed healing and chronic wounds [55]
matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) are necessary during the early stages of wound healing as they facilitate the movement of fibroblasts to the wound site

Summary

Introduction

Wound healing is a physiological event critical to the continuity of life It constitutes a complicated process whereby tissue injury results in a healing process involving various cell types including fibroblasts, cytokines, extracellular matrix (ECM) proteins, and certain growth factors to bring about tissue repair and restore integrity. Fibroblasts are vital components of the ECM They produce collagen that maintains cellular integrity, as well as activate the production of growth factors and other secretions to enhance wound repair. In conditions such as diabetes mellitus (DM), wounds are often stuck in the inflammatory phase, and there is increased inflammation and ECM degradation at the wound site due to decreased collagen production and increased proteolytic activity. The pathogenesis of DM is not properly comprehended; previous studies have shown that the production of several ECM factors are altered by hyperglycaemia

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