Abstract
Ancient grains have gained renewed interest in the last few years due to their perceived nutritional benefits. The goal of this study was to examine the presence of celiac epitopes in different ancient grains and determine differences in the gliadin protein profile of such grains. To investigate celiac epitopes, an untargeted mass spectrometric method was used, and the gliadin protein profile was studied using reverse phase-HPLC. Our findings show that celiac epitopes can be detected in wheat-related ancient grains, such as einkorn, emmer, and Kamut, indicating that these ancient grains have the potential to elicit the immune response associated with celiac disease. Additionally, the results showed that the gliadin protein composition is significantly different between ancient grain species, which could result in varying functional properties in end-use applications.
Highlights
There has been increased interest in the consumption of ancient grains, especially due to perceived health benefits compared to consuming modern wheat species
Celiac epitopes were detected in all three wheat-related ancient grains analyzed in addition to rye, which is known to elicit the immune response associated with celiac disease
This study shows that celiac epitopes can be found in wheat-related ancient grains, such as einkorn, emmer, and Kamut
Summary
There has been increased interest in the consumption of ancient grains, especially due to perceived health benefits compared to consuming modern wheat species. Recent studies have shown that modern wheat cultivars are not significantly different in terms of composition or health benefits in comparison to ancient grains [1]. In recent studies by Dubois et al [8,9] and Escarnot et al [10], the celiac immunogenicity of spelt and hexaploid wheat was investigated where they found that there is large variation among different spelt accessions regarding their celiac reactivity. In these studies, various methods such as ELISA were used for the quantitative analysis of celiac epitopes
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