Cease quit smoking; A successful CBPR trial

Abstract

s / Drug and Alcohol Dependence 146 (2015) e34–e117 e97 height of the thermometer, while viewing pictures of cocaine, food, or neutral stimuli. In two control conditions, real-time neurofeedback was linked to the anterior cingulate (ACC) or the auditory cortex (AuC). Results: Forty-two participants (defined as “responders”) showed increased NAc response to cocaine cues compared to neutral cues, indicating baseline reponsivity to cocaine cues. Comparison of CocaineWATCH trials to CocaineDECREASE trials indicated that these responders showed successful NAc downregulation in theCocaineDECREASEcondition. ThisNAcdownregulation was not seen when the neurofeedback was linked to activity in the ACC or AuC. Conclusions: The use of real-time fMRI-based neurofeedback may facilitate cocaine abusers self-regulation of altered NAc activity to cocaine cues. Future work should evaluate the longevity of this modified neural response, and its relationship to subjective craving levels. Financial support: NIDA: 5R21DA077149 and 1R21DA029464, awarded to M. Shane. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2014.09.630 Cease quit smoking; A successful CBPR trial Payam Sheikhattari1,2, Fernando A. Wagner1,2 1 Prevention Sciences Research Center, Morgan State University, Baltimore, MD, United States 2 School of Community Health and Policy, Morgan State University, Baltimore, MD, United States Aims: Smoking disproportionally affects underserved populations but only a handful of interventions have demonstrated to be effective when taken into reallife situations. We used a Community-Based Participatory Research approach to test an intervention with experimental methodology. Methods: A total of 352 participants were randomized to either of two groupbased interventions. Treatment effects were evaluated through self-report smoking abstinence and verified by expired-air carbon monoxide. Both interventions included 12 tobacco cessation sessions with health education, motivational exercises, and NRT. They were implemented at churches and schools by Peer Motivators, with varying contingency behavioral management programs for session attendance and landmark achievements (Group “A” had monetary rewards only and Group “B” combined monetary and non-monetary rewards). A total of 352 participants were recruited (58%men; 65% African Americans; 82% were 40 years or older, 78% did not have a job). About 53% of participants completed a final questionnaire. Results: Intent to treat analyses revealed that 27% of participants in Group “A” and 29% in Group “B” were able to quit smoking (Pr =0.675). Multivariate analyses showed that session attendancewas strongly associatedwith quitting smoking (RR=1.2 per session; 95% CI =1.1.–1.4, p<0.001), those with less than a high school (RR=2.1 per session, 95% CI =1.0.–4.0, p<0.05); and those with higher health problems (RR=1.2 per reported problem, 95%CI =1.0–1.4, p<0.05). Thosewho attended50%ormore sessions had better success rate (40.0%) vs. those who attended between 20 and 50% of the sessions (31.9%), and vs. those who have <20% attendance (6.4%). Conclusions: Community engagement in the design, implementation and evaluation of a smoking cessation program involvingCommunity PeerMotivators canbe successful among low income populations. Financial support: Supported by grant R24MD002803 from the National Institute of Minority Health and Health Disparities. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2014.09.631 Involvement of mGlu5 receptor signal cascade in the enhancement of morphine-induced hyperlocomotion under chronic treatment with zolpidem Masahiro Shibasaki, Kazunori Ishii, Tomohisa Mori, Tsutomu Suzuki Department of Toxicology, Hoshi University School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tokyo,