Abstract
BackgroundSweat, as an easily accessible bodily fluid, is enriched with a lot of physiological and health information. A portable and wearable sweat sensor is an important device for an on-body health monitoring. However, there are only few such devices to monitor sweat. Based on the fact that sweat is mainly composed of moisture and salt which is much more abundant than other trace ions in sweat, a new route is proposed to realize wearable sweat sensors using CdSSe nanowire-chips coated with a polyimide (PI) membrane.ResultsFirstly, the composition-graded CdS1−xSex (x = 0–1) nanowire-chip based sensor shows good photo-sensitivity and stress sensitivity which induces linear humidity dependent conductivity. This indicates good moisture response with a maximum responsivity (dI/I) 244% at 80% relative humidity (RH) even in the dark. Furthermore, the linear current decrease with salt increase illustrates the chip sensor has a good salt-sensing ability with the best salt dependent responsivity of 80%, which guarantees the high prediction accuracy in sweat sensing. The sensor current is further proven to nonlinearly correlate to the amount of sweat with excellent stability, reproducibility and recoverability. The wearable sweat sensor is finally applied on-body real-time sweat analysis, showing good consistence with the body status during indoor exercise.ConclusionsThese results suggest that this CdSSe nanowire-chip based PI-coated integrated sensor, combined with inorganic and organic functional layers, provides a simple and reliable method to build up diverse portable and wearable devices for the applications on healthcare and athletic status.
Highlights
Sweat, as an accessible bodily fluid, is enriched with a lot of physiological and health information
PL and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) analysis The CdSSe nanowire chip with the size of 1 cm × 2 cm obtained by the chemical vapor deposition (CVD) method is shown in Fig. 1a, and the color of the as-prepared sample changes gradually from black to yellow along the length direction of the chip
The CdSSe nanowire chip demonstrates a better conductivity after applying the external stress, which makes the nanowire with different composition contact to each other quite well (Additional file 1: Figure S2)
Summary
As an accessible bodily fluid, is enriched with a lot of physiological and health information. The challenges of sub-health fatigue, aging of raising population as well as prevalence of chronic diseases, need perfect healthcare systems to support person’s fitness In response to these challenges, flexible and wearable sensors are being paid more attention due to their potential use for healthcare and disease diagnosis [1,2,3,4]. Lightweight, ultra-integrated portable, non-invasive devices have been reported in succession [4, 5] They can be used to monitor various health information of the human body, including glucose, pulse, In real life, the most common way to detect health conditions is based on drawn blood, but this invasive method obviously leads to inconvenience, pain, and fear for patients [4]. Hypotonic, odorless physiological mixture that is commonly
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