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Abstract
Jerdostatin represents a novel RTS-containing short disintegrin cloned by reverse transcriptase-PCR from the venom gland mRNA of the Chinese Jerdons pit viper Trimeresurus jerdonii. The jerdostatins precursor cDNA contained a 333-bp open reading frame encoding a signal peptide, a pre-peptide, and a 43-amino acid disintegrin domain, whose amino acid sequence displayed 80% identity with that of the KTS-disintegrins obtustatin and viperistatin. The jerdostatin cDNA structure represents the first complete open reading frame of a short disintegrin and points to the emergence of jerdostatin from a short-coding gene. The different residues between jerdostatin and obtustatin/viperistatin are segregated within the integrin-recognition loop and the C-terminal tail. Native jerdostatin (r-jerdostatin-R21) and a R21K mutant (r-jerdostatin-K21) were produced in Escherichia coli. In each case, two conformers were isolated. One-dimensional (1)H NMR showed that conformers 1 and 2 of r-jerdostatin-R21 represent, respectively, well folded and unfolded proteins. The two conformers of the wild-type and the R21K mutant inhibited the adhesion of alpha(1)-K562 cells to collagen IV with IC(50) values of 180 and 703 nm, respectively. The IC(50) values of conformers 2 of r-jerdostatin-R21 and r-jerdostatin-K21 were, respectively, 5.95 and 12.5 microm. Neither r-jerdostatin-R21 nor r-jerdostatin-K21 showed inhibitory activity toward other integrins, including alpha(IIb)beta(3), alpha(v)beta(3), alpha(2)beta(1), alpha(5)beta(1), alpha(4)beta(1), alpha(6)beta(1), and alpha(9)beta(1) up to a concentration of 24 mum. Although the RTS motif appears to be more potent than KTS inhibiting the alpha(1)beta(1) integrin, r-jerdostatin-R21 is less active than the KTS-disintegrins, strongly suggesting that substitutions outside the integrin-binding motif and/or C-terminal proteolytic processing are responsible for the decreased inhibitory activity.
Highlights
Esis and tumor metastasis [3]
We report the molecular cloning, primary structure, recombinant expression, and integrin inhibitory characteristics of two conformers of jerdostatin, an RTS-containing disintegrin from the Chinese Jerdon pit viper Trimeresurus jerdonii, and of a R21K mutant
Concluding Remarks—Based on its structural and functional characteristics, we propose that jerdostatin belongs, together with obtustatin, viperistatin, and lebestatin to the novel class of short-sized ␣11-specific disintegrins
Summary
Esis and tumor metastasis [3]. antagonists of several integrins (e.g. ␣51, ␣v3, and ␣v5, the primary targets of endostatin, an endogenous negative regulator of angiogenesis [4]) are under evaluation in clinical trials to determine their potential as therapeutics for cancer and other diseases [5, 6], the precise regulation and exact action of integrins is still unclear [7, 8]. We report the molecular cloning, primary structure, recombinant expression, and integrin inhibitory characteristics of two conformers of jerdostatin, an RTS-containing disintegrin from the Chinese Jerdon pit viper Trimeresurus jerdonii, and of a R21K mutant.
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