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Abstract
Background: Lung cancer is the leading cause of death among cancers in the world. The annual death toll due to this disease exceeds the combined deaths caused by colon, breast, prostate, and pancreatic cancers. As a result, there has been a tremendous effort to identify new biomarkers for early detection and diagnosis of lung cancer. Methods: In this study we report the results of screening a panel of eight non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) cell lines originating from different subtypes of lung cancer in an attempt to identify potential biomarkers unique to this disease. We used real-time polymerase chain reaction and flow cytometry techniques to analyze the expression of ALDHA1, EpCAM, CD133, CD24, and CD38 in this panel. Results: We demonstrate for the first time that the majority of NSCLC cells do not express levels of CD38 that would qualify it as a new biomarker for the disease. In contrast, we found that CD24 is over-expressed in 6 out of 8 of the cell lines. The combined CD24+/CD38-/low phenotype was detected in 50% of the cell lines that are also positive for CD133 and EpCAM. Conclusions: We report that CD24+/CD38-/low signature could potentially be used as a new biomarker for the early detection of NSCLC.
Highlights
Lung cancer is the leading cause of death among cancers in the world
Little is known about epithelial cell adhesion molecule (EpCAM) gene expression in Non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC), a few studies have reported the upregulation of EpCAM in NSCLC cell lines and specimens, notably in squamous cell carcinoma [14,15,16]
In this study we provide a thorough analysis of five biomarkers of NSCLC in a panel of eight cell lines representing different types of NSCLC
Summary
Lung cancer is the leading cause of death among cancers in the world. The annual death toll due to this disease exceeds the combined deaths caused by colon, breast, prostate, and pancreatic cancers. There is an intense effort underway globally to identify new molecular markers for Non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC), in particular molecular biomarkers for the early detection as late stage lesions are strongly associated with high mortality [4,5]. We have shown that expression of the cell surface protein CD38 is higher in cancer stem cells isolated from the H460 NSCLC [23,24] This is a multifunctional enzyme involved in cell adhesion, signal transduction, and as a receptor in cells of the immune system [25]. In the current study we have assessed the validity of some of the most discussed potential biomarkers of NSCLC, including CD38, in a panel of lung cancer cell lines in search of potent prognostic markers and signature phenotypes for NSCLC
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