Cavitation-abrasive wear working collectors of pumps

Abstract

The main results of the study of hydraulic losses in the suction line and mechanical damages of the impellers of pumps due to cavitation-abrasive wear are given in the article. The scientific task of using theoretical bases for justifying factors affecting the wear rate of pump parts is being solved. On the basis of these theories, a technique is proposed for calculating the wear rate of the elements of the flow-through part of the pumps. During the experimental studies, standard methods of laboratory-bench testing of pumps were used. The operating modes of pumps with minimal wear of their parts are established. Poor hydraulic flow conditions with swirl zones cause an increase in energy losses and a redistribution of flow rates across sections. Wear the parts that are flowing directly proportional to the concentration in the sediment flow, the cube of the flow velocity, the time of action on the pump units. The presence of unsteady vortex regions, especially when the effect of eddy formation increases, leads to fluctuations in the velocities and pulsations of the flow pressure. Cavitation in the pump occurs when the operating modes of the pump differ from the nominal. The increase in volumetric efficiency, the improvement of hydraulic flow conditions to the pump impeller and the reduction of cavitation wear were achieved by the authors in a new pump design that contains guide planes fixed to the throttle plate parallel to the suction nozzle axis with an elastic outer surface. In the same areas of constructive improvement of pump assemblies, it is necessary to search for ways to reduce the negative impact of cavitation and hydroabrasive erosion on the life of pumps.