Abstract
In this study, caviar (sturgeon eggs) was used to elucidate its roles in adiponectin production and skin anti-aging. Recently, caviar has been largely used not only as a nutritional food, but also in cosmetic products. In particular, it has been reported that docosahexaenoic acid (DHA), as one of the main phospholipid components of caviar extract, induces intracellular lipid accumulation and the expression of adiponectin in adipocytes. Although adipocytes are well known to be associated with the skin dermis by secreting various factors (e.g., adiponectin), the effects of caviar extract and DHA on the skin are not well studied. Here, we demonstrate the effects of caviar extract and DHA on adipocyte differentiation and adiponectin production, resulting in a preventive role in UV-irradiated skin aging. Caviar extract and DHA enhanced adipocyte differentiation and promoted the synthesis of transcription factors controlling adipocyte differentiation and adiponectin. In addition, the mRNA expression levels of matrix metalloproteinase-1 (MMP-1) were decreased in UVB-irradiated Hs68 fibroblasts that were cultured in conditioned medium from caviar extract or DHA-treated differentiated adipocytes. Taken together, these results indicate that caviar extract and DHA induce adipocyte differentiation and adiponectin production, thereby inhibiting UVB-induced premature skin aging via the suppression of MMP-1 production.
Highlights
The skin, an essential organ composed of several cell types and multiple layers, provides a physical barrier to environmental factors, protects against excessive water, and maintains physiological homeostasis [1,2,3]
docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) increased intracellular lipid accumulation in a dose-dependent manner. These results suggest that DHA enhances adipocyte differentiation and is necessary to accompany transcriptional regulation related to adipocyte differentiation
These results suggest that DHA in caviar e7xotfr1a4ct increased adipocyte differentiation and the expression levels of adipogenesis-related transcription faacdtoiprso.gOenuersifis,nadnidngthsepreofionrtetporwovairddeDinHsiAghbteinintogiitms fpuonrcttaionntaflocroandtriipbougtieonnetsoisa,dainpdontehcetrinefporroedpurcotvioinde inasnigdhstkiinntoanittsi-faugnincgti.onal contribution to adiponectin production and skin anti-aging
Summary
The skin, an essential organ composed of several cell types and multiple layers, provides a physical barrier to environmental factors, protects against excessive water, and maintains physiological homeostasis [1,2,3]. Several studies have reported that the interaction between the dermis and subcutaneous adipose tissue plays a role in the development and regeneration process [4,5,6,7]. Adipocytes are associated with the dermis by secreting various factors such as adiponectin and leptin that influence other tissues and contribute to skin physiology [8]. Recent studies reported that adiponectin has beneficial effects on cutaneous wound-healing processes and anti-inflammation properties in skin [11,12,13]. The treatment of exogenous adiponectin suppressed UV-induced skin photoaging through inhibiting matrix metalloproteinase-1 (MMP-1) expression and increasing type I procollagen synthesis in human dermal fibroblasts (HDFs) [14]. We aimed to determine the anti-photoaging effects of caviar extract and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) in dermal fibroblasts by increasing the production of adiponectin
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