Causes and Effects of Obesity on Health of Children in Australia

Abstract

WHO defines obesity as an abnormal or increased fat accumulation where Body mass index (BMI) is significant. Obesity in children is rising in many countries like the USA, the UK, and Australia. Thus, the study examined the causes and effects of obesity on the Health of Children in Australia. The study reviewed the literature to make conclusions. Based on the findings from the previous studies, it was established that obesity in children is caused by poor food choices, inadequate or low physical activity and family eating habits. Sociocultural factors, family, environmental aspects, metabolism, genetics, and short sleep patterns are also factors that contribute to children's obesity. The effects of obesity are that it increases the risks of developing a variety of chronic health problems, like coronary heart disease, hypertension, cancer, sleep apnea, gallstones and osteoarthritis. Obese children also perform academically poorly in school compared to those of normal weight. Childhood obesity can profoundly affect physical health, social and emotional well-being, and self-esteem. The study concluded that children who are obese tend to stay obese in adulthood and are prone to increased risk for diabetes and cardiac problems at a younger age. Obesity has been on the rise among children in Australia. Obese children perform poorly academically than the recommended normal-weight children, with a negative relationship noted between obesity and cognitive skills. It is recommended that a comprehensive approach is required to prevent and reduce childhood obesity. This includes professional medical assistance and lifestyle interventions to increase energy intake, physical activity, and behavioural change. In addition, it is recommended that policies be developed to help intervene in how the increase in weight among children can be reduced. The school should ensure they expose the children to regular exercise to reduce their weight and remain fit Keywords: Obesity, Health, Children, Australia