Abstract

The implementation of imaging techniques with low-energy electrons at synchrotron laboratories allowed for significant advancement in the field of spectromicroscopy. The spectroscopic photoemission and low energy electron microscope, SPELEEM, is a notable example. We summarize the multitechnique capabilities of the SPELEEM instrument, reporting on the instrumental aspects and the latest developments on the technical side. We briefly review applications, which are grouped into two main scientific fields. The first one covers different aspects of graphene physics. In particular, we highlight the recent work on graphene/Ir(100). Here, SPELEEM was employed to monitor the changes in the electronic structure that occur for different film morphologies and during the intercalation of Au. The Au monolayer, which creeps under graphene from the film edges, efficiently decouples the graphene from the substrate lowering the Dirac energy from 0.42 eV to 0.1 eV. The second field combines magnetism studies at the mesoscopic length scale with self-organized systems featuring ordered nanostructures. This example highlights the possibility to monitor growth processes in real time and combine chemical characterization with X-ray magnetic circular dichroism–photoemission electron microscopy (XMCD–PEEM) magnetic imaging by using the variable photon polarization and energy available at the synchrotron source.

Highlights

  • The cathode lens, or immersion objective lens, is used to image electrons emitted from surfaces [1]

  • May originate from different processes such as thermionic emission, secondary emission, emission of photoelectrons from core levels and the valence band or elastic backscattering [2]. Methods based on the latter two, photoemission electron microscopy (PEEM) and low energy electron microscopy (LEEM), have found a special place in the field of surface science, and they will be the focus of our review

  • We have given a review of spectroscopic photoemission and low energy electron microscope (SPELEEM) methods along with recent applications in the fields of graphene and nanomagnetism

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Summary

Introduction

The cathode lens, or immersion objective lens, is used to image electrons emitted from surfaces [1]. May originate from different processes such as thermionic emission, secondary emission, emission of photoelectrons from core levels and the valence band or elastic backscattering [2]. Methods based on the latter two, photoemission electron microscopy (PEEM) and low energy electron microscopy (LEEM), have found a special place in the field of surface science, and they will be the focus of our review. The natural combination of XPEEM with LEEM has created the powerful surface science facility, spectroscopic photoemission and low energy electron microscope (SPELEEM). We give a detailed account of the instrumental aspects specific to the SPELEEM instrument at Elettra

Low energy electron microscopy
The SPELEEM at Elettra
SPELEEM studies of graphene epilayers
Summary
Findings
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