Abstract
The aim of the investigations was to make a comparative analysis of TSS concentration and variability in TSS loads as well as to analyse first flush phenomena. That issue is related to the characteristics of two urban catchments located in the city of Kielce. The runoff events observed in the period of investigations (years 2009 – 2016) showed a great diversity. The analyses performed for the study revealed substantial differences in the values of TSS concentration and loads in stormwater from the catchments of concern. The highest TSS concentration in the stormwater for the catchment located at the city outskirts was 252 mg.dm-3, whereas for the catchment in the city centre that value was almost 30 – fold higher and amounted to 7432 mg.dm-3. The analysis of the runoff first flush with respect to the mass of total solids in individual rainfall events showed substantial differences in the course of the process depending on the type of catchment management. In the densely built-up area, the initial 25% and 30% of the volume of runoff transported 25-41% and 30-48% of the solids mass, respectively. In the other catchment, with low and sparsely located buildings, the maximum values of TSS mass were considerably higher and amounted to 22-83% and 28-87%.
Highlights
As urban agglomerations tend to grow continuously over time, water from atmospheric precipitation is an ever increasing problem in urban areas
The stormwater from the catchment area is collected by the existing stormwater sewer system and conveyed by main sewer to the stormwater treatment plant (SWTP) in IX Wieków Kielc Street (Fig. 1d)
Measurements of quantities, and quality investigations into snowmelt runoff event were conducted in the years 2009-2010 for the catchment of IX Wieków Kielc SWTP, and in the years 2015-2016, for the catchment of Witosa SWTP
Summary
As urban agglomerations tend to grow continuously over time, water from atmospheric precipitation is an ever increasing problem in urban areas. It was noticed that pollutant load and concentration in stormwater depend on many factors. They include, among others, the depth and intensity of rainfall, the event duration, season of the year, the length of the no-rain period that precedes precipitation, wind direction, direction of the migration of the precipitation front, the level of atmospheric pollution, topography, type and humidity of the catchment area (the percentage of impermeable surfaces, in particular), street cleaning procedures, vehicular traffic volume, the quantity and kind of dry deposits accumulated on paved surfaces, and even type of roof cover material [1,2,3]. Investigations conducted in Poland [1,3,5,6] and abroad [7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15] report that the concentration of pollutants in stormwater from
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