Catatonia is not schizophrenia and it is treatable

Abstract

Catatonia is a cluster of motor features that appears in many recognized psychiatric illnesses, that according to the DSM-5 it is not linked as a subtype to schizophrenia anymore. The classic signs are mutism, a rigid posture, fixed staring, stereotypic movements, and stupor, which are all part of a broad psychopathology that may be found in affective, thought, neurological, toxic, metabolic and immunological disorders. Despite the many etiologies, catatonia may be a life-threatening condition with a specific treatment. Benzodiazepines are the first line therapeutic option for catatonia, being lorazepam the first-choice drug. Eighty percent of the patients are relieved by the use of barbiturates or benzodiazepines, while in those who fail, an improvement is achieved by electroconvulsive therapy (ECT). With more than 60years of use in catatonic patients, ECT has proven to be an effective and safe tool for the treatment of this frequent and sometimes forgotten syndrome.