Catastrophic emission of charges from near-extremal Nariai black holes

Abstract

Using both the in-out formalism and the monodromy method, we study the emission of charges from near-extremal charged Nariai black holes with the black hole event and cosmological horizons close to each other, whose near-horizon geometry is dS2×S2. The emission becomes catastrophic for a charge with energy greater than its chemical potential, whose leading exponential factor increases inversely proportional to the separation of two horizons. This effect may prevent near-extremal Nariai black holes with large charges that evaporate dominantly through the charge emission from evolving to black holes with a naked singularity, in analog to near-extremal RN-dS black holes that have the Breitenlohner-Friedman bound, below which they become stable against Hawking radiation and Schwinger effect of charge emission. The near-extremal Nariai black holes with small charges, which are close to near-extremal Schwarzschild-de Sitter black holes, emit dominantly charge-neutral particles and evolve to black holes with increasing charge to mass ratio. We illuminate the origin of the catastrophic emission in the phase-integral formulation and monodromy method by comparing near-extremal charged Nariai black holes with near-extremal Reissner-Nordtröm-dS black holes. Published by the American Physical Society 2024