Abstract
This chapter looks at catalytic reactions from the stand-point of industrial development and manufacturing and not from the standpoint of academic or medicinal chemists. Catalytic reactions can be divided into two groups: heterogeneous and homogeneous reactions. Typical and very frequently applied cases of heterogeneous catalysis in active pharmaceutical ingredient (API) manufacture are hydrogenation reactions utilizing heterogeneous catalysts like palladium or platinum on carbon or Raney nickel. Heterogeneous hydrogenation catalysts are available as solids or powders; and due to their pyrophoric nature and air sensitivity, they need to be handled with caution, particularly on a large scale. The chapter discusses the production of a number of APIs for which all their synthetic routes contain one or more catalytic reaction. Continuous-flow techniques and small volume continuous manufacturing are becoming more and more recognized in API manufacture, especially for small volume products and new products under development.
Published Version
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